Safe in the City? Negotiating safety, public space and the male gaze in Kolkata, India

Roy, Sanghamitra; Bailey, Ajay

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103321

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Politicians, managers, and experts must compare everyday actions with the complexity of the four main concepts: security, insecurity, fear, and degradation. Roy and Bailey (2021) found that the lack of security of women, the existence of the 'male gaze,' the negative male personality in public spaces, the presence of middle-aged men and strangers, and places where harassment is reported repeatedly harm women's perceptions of safety. Conversely, social control increases women's perceptions of safety in public spaces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the surveillance theory by Jacobs (1961), Newman (1973), Skogan (1992), , , Ceccato (2020), Pain et al (2006), Clarke et al (1996), Loukaitou-Sideris et al (2009), La , , Ceccato and Bamzar (2016), and is challenged by the findings of Ramsay (1982), Soomeren (1996), Gentry (2015), Belanger (1999), Burrows (1980), Shellow et al (1975), Loukaitou-Sideris et al (2002, Bhattacharyya (2016), Sypion-Dutkowska and Leitner (2017), Dhillon and Bakaya (2014), Newton et al (2015), Solymosi et al (2015), Boessen and Hipp (2018), Newton (2004), , Crenshaw and John (1989), Talen (1996), and Roy and Bailey (2021), which revealed that the surveillance theory and environmental design including the layout of building plots, lightings, and police stations cannot establish a sense of community through strategies to unite people because the more the people on the streets, the more the opportunities for people to commit crimes. More trash, social chaos, social disorder, and social imbalance in the community also cause crime to occur.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…;;Yavuz and Welch (2010);Tandogan and Ilhan (2016);;Roy and Bailey (2021)]. Meanwhile, in America and Europe, the fear in public spaces is caused by design features, such as surveillance and visibility[Lindgren and Nilsen (2012);;Mahadevia and Lathia (2019);;Loukaitou-Sideris et al (2009)].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Understanding the position of urban spatial configuration on the feeling of insecurity from crime in public spaces

Putra

Salim

Indradjati

et al. 2023

Front. Built Environ.

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Introduction: Many studies have discussed crime and the feeling of insecurity in the public space. These studies produce diverse findings from various variables and different objects. However, the urban spatial configuration is still left unexplored in the study of insecurity from crime in the public space. The purpose of this study is to discuss the position of urban spatial configuration elements on the feeling of insecurity from crime in the public space evidenced by international literature.Methods: This study uses a systematic review method by evaluating studies published between 1970 and 2021.Results and Discussion: The results of this study state that studies on crime and feeling of insecurity in public spaces in urban planning and urban design context mainly evaluated the design features (crime prevention through environmental design) and Socio-demographics at micro–meso scale in the built environment. In contrast, urban spatial configuration variable or macro scale still underexplored. Studies have shown that issues will occur if policy-making and planning in urban areas ignore individual perceptions of feeling insecure regarding crime at macro scale. The findings of this study become a research gap for further studies. This study suggests that more researchers should evaluate the feelings of insecurity from crime in public spaces on a macro scale, namely the urban spatial configuration dimension, including city size, development type, the distribution pattern of population and job, degree of clustering, and landscape connectivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the position of urban spatial configuration on the feeling of insecurity from crime in public spaces

Putra

Salim

Indradjati

et al. 2023

Front. Built Environ.

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“…Women used negotiation strategies to manage safety risks and feelings of anxiety, such as running with a group (Clark, 2015; Coble, Selin, & Erickson, 2003; Roper, 2016; Wesely & Gaarder, 2004). Previous research has found there is variation in women's use of outdoor space and feelings of safety (Giles & Oncescu, 2021; Krenichyn, 2006; Roper, 2016; Roy & Bailey, 2021; Wesely & Gaarder, 2004). Some women reported restricting their exercising behaviour outside and using negotiation strategies due to safety concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running women or women runners: Does identity salience affect intention to exercise outside and feelings of safety?

Skilton,

McMahon,

Muldoon

2024

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Safety concerns for women are prevalent and influence their likelihood to exercise outside. While some women modify their exercise behaviour due to safety concerns, others exercise outside more freely. In this paper, two experiments are reported with women runners to examine whether making their identity as a runner or a woman salient changed their self‐reported likelihood of exercising outside, sense of safety and personal safety anxiety. While study 1 (n = 153) found no significant experimental effect, it revealed a trend: women whose runner identity was made salient were more likely to self‐report their willingness to exercise outside than those in the gender identity condition. Study 2 (n = 236) was conducted to examine this trend further. The second study employed a larger sample size and a more robust manipulation of social identity salience. A significant effect of the experimental condition on women's sense of safety was observed. Specifically, women in the runner identity salience condition had significantly greater feelings of safety than women in the gender identity salience condition. A similar trend emerged for self‐reported likelihood to exercise outside. These findings corroborate prior research on the impact of identity salience on intention to engage in health behaviours. They contribute to the existing body of literature on the intricate interplay between women's physical activity intentions and safety concerns. Furthermore, these findings could aid in the development of interventions to increase women's physical activity levels. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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“…Local surveys, studies, and literature on women's safety highlight those women's concerns are entirely different from those of men when they approach public spaces. Females use and perceive cities in a different way than men, they also use public places in a variety of ways (Davis et al, 2020;Roy and Bailey, 2021). Therefore, to make public spaces more accessible and safer for women, it is important to study these spaces from the perspective of women and understand the unique needs of women in public spaces to ensure their safety and equal rights in a city (Carmona, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women perspective for safe and healthy public spaces: Study from Indian city - Vijayawada

Mehrotra¹,

Chitkala²

2022

Proceedings of the 58th ISOCARP World Planning Congress

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Public Spaces play an important role and are vital to communal life and quality of life of citizens. Public spaces are meant to provide benefits to all individuals and groups of people. This study identified the different factors that have an impact on women's safety in public spaces and developed a Women's Safety Index to evaluate the safety levels in public spaces. Firstly, the identified factors were categorized into four categories -social, physical, visual, and functional. Secondly, these factors were analysed using perception surveys to understand how men and women perceive safety in public spaces differently. The index developed is helpful in evaluating the levels of safety of women in public spaces and identifying unsafe public spaces. Inferences from the study are useful to understand the key differences in the perceptions and requirements of men and women with respect to safety in public spaces. This further helps point out the specific areas of improvement and formulate strategies which can be used to design safer and more gender inclusive public spaces. Results of this study also help establish the relationship between varying dimensions of a public space and women safety in public spaces in other cities also.

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Safe in the City? Negotiating safety, public space and the male gaze in Kolkata, India

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Understanding the position of urban spatial configuration on the feeling of insecurity from crime in public spaces

Understanding the position of urban spatial configuration on the feeling of insecurity from crime in public spaces

Running women or women runners: Does identity salience affect intention to exercise outside and feelings of safety?

Women perspective for safe and healthy public spaces: Study from Indian city - Vijayawada

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