“…In addition to Iraqi refugees, whose numbers have declined over the years since 2007, Egypt has significant Sudanese, Palestinian, Syrian, Somali, Ethiopian, and Eritrean refugee populations. Sadek (2011) has described the Egyptian state's response to refugees as 'passive'. This is because although Egypt is a signatory to the UN's 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, it has entered a number of reservations related to labor, personal status, public relief, education, rationing, and social security (Badawy 2009).…”