Safe-guarding the colonial present: game farms on the frontier in KwaZulu-Natal's ‘Battlefields Route’

Josefsson, Jenny

doi:10.1080/02589001.2014.925302

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nothing serious, they shot him in the knee. Well … they did not kill him, and he stopped taking their cattle (interviews with farm dwellers KZN November 2008). This quote illustrates the level of conflict in KwaZulu-Natal, and the normalization of violence in everyday life (Josefsson 2014). At the same time, farm dwellers also use legal ways to challenge their marginalized position.…”

Section: Rendering Farm Dwellers Invisiblementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Conversions to game farming hence are not only attempts to hold on to and benefit from land in post-apartheid South Africa (cf. Sikor and Lund 2009), but also offer possibilities for the enactment of an era gone-by when white landowners were undisputedly dominant (Josefsson 2014). At the same time, the emphasis on their contribution to nature conservation, as well as promises of development may serve as social justifications of game farmers' continued control over land in present-day South Africa.…”

Section: Taking Land Out Of Production To Keep Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors, however, have argued that the introduction of the Act, in combination with the withdrawal of financial state support to agriculture, had rather negative impacts on farm dwellers' abilities to access to land on commercial farms (Hall 2007;Wegerif, Russell, and Grundling 2005). At the same time, heightened exposure of farmers to competition in global agricultural markets, combined with new labor legislation and land reform results in anxiety among white land owners concerning their abilities to hold on to the land (Fraser 2007; see also Brandt 2013;Josefsson 2014). Conversions to wildlife-based production constitute one response by landowners to changes in the agricultural sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living on Other People’s Land; Impacts of Farm Conversions to Game Farming on Farm Dwellers’ Abilities to Access Land in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Spierenburg

2019

Society & Natural Resources

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This contribution analyses the impacts of conversions of commercial mainly white-ownedfarms to wildlife-based production on access to land for farm workers and dwellers in South Africa. They depended on informal arrangements with landowners for access, hence the notions of 'abilities to access' and 'bundles of power' are more appropriate concepts to analyze their access than bundles of rights. In post-apartheid South Africa, the state attempted to formalize farm dwellers' land rights, but simultaneously deregulated the agricultural sector, which stimulated land concentration and land investments, and changed social relations on commercial farms. These contradictory interventions impact negatively on farm dwellers' abilities to access to land on commercial farms. The paper furthermore demonstrates that conversions to wildlife-based production constitute one response by landowners to the changes in the agricultural sector, but also play a role in struggles about identity and belonging in post-apartheid South Africa.

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Section: Rendering Farm Dwellers Invisiblementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Taking Land Out Of Production To Keep Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living on Other People’s Land; Impacts of Farm Conversions to Game Farming on Farm Dwellers’ Abilities to Access Land in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Spierenburg

2019

Society & Natural Resources

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“…In the Eastern Cape, farm dweller life trajectories are characterised by constant mobility to evade farmers' control over their lives, as well as attempts to establish secure homes or places of belonging off-farm, if needed (Brandt 2013). Similarly, for KwaZulu-Natal, Josefsson (2014) argues that farm conversions work against rural transformation. Ngubane and Brooks (2013) show examples of the interplay between land restitution and wildlife production on private land in a so-called community game farm set-up.…”

Section: Making Farm Dwellers Visible As Stakeholders In Game Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negotiated settlement and the colonial and apartheid legacies in terms of governance structures and politics are actually part of the problem (see also Voß and Bornemann 2011). In the context of game farming, land issues intersect with wildlife politics and post-apartheid land reform, as well as claims to belonging and continued violent dispossessions (Josefsson 2014, Spierenburg and Brooks 2014, Brandt 2016. In light of this situation, it was not possible to resolve cases of land-based conflicts through a limited number of multistakeholder engagements; enabling inclusion and agency for farm dwellers requires a long-term and committed process.…”

Section: Conclusion: Whose Resilience?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Power and politics in stakeholder engagement: farm dweller (in)visibility and conversions to game farming in South Africa

Brandt¹,

Josefsson²,

Spierenburg³

2018

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Here, we discuss tensions inherent in multistakeholder approaches addressing conflicts over natural resources as well as the involvement of stakeholders in research. Our discussion is built on knowledge generated by extensive research on the impacts of private farm conversions to game farms in South Africa, where significant increases in farm conversions have been observed since the 1990s. The studies had a particular focus on the consequences for farm dwellers, one of the most marginalized groups in the South African countryside. The research findings challenge the dominant narrative that game farming offers a win-win situation for nature conservation and rural development. Based on data from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, we extended the narrow technical and economic framing of the narrative to include the socio-political meanings of the conversions. We reflect on a series of multistakeholder workshops that we organized, partly as a requirement of the funding agency. The workshop aims were to disseminate our research findings among the stakeholder groups and explore ways to mitigate the negative impacts of conversions. We discuss how we organized the engagement process in ways that sought to address the power differences between game farmers, the State, and farm dwellers. The main challenge appeared to be that farm dwellers were not recognized as stakeholders. This "invisibility" has multiple reasons, in particular, the historical and current trajectories of land dispossession. It is also linked to specific institutional and personal relations in the two provinces, resulting in different uses of the workshop spaces. By considering the complexities of stakeholder relations in the farm conversion context, we gained a deeper understanding of the politics of land and belonging in the still unequal postapartheid rural landscape. Based on experiences from the research as well as the workshops, we take a critical stance regarding mainstream notions of stakeholder engagement and resilience building. We argue that if we fail to consider power relations and politics explicitly in these processes, we risk neglecting important conflicts and reproducing the invisibility of marginalized stakeholders.

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Trophy hunting and conservation: Do the major ethical theories converge in opposition to trophy hunting?

Ghasemi

2020

People and Nature

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Ethical concerns are at the heart of the ongoing debate on trophy hunting; however, so far, most studies have addressed the issue from a single ethical perspective. These studies, approaching the subject from different ethical perspectives, have reached different conclusions. For instance, those who support trophy hunting as a conservation strategy usually adopt a utilitarian perspective, while those who adopt a deontological perspective usually oppose it. The analysis presented in this paper challenges the ethical justification of trophy hunting based on a utilitarian perspective, and it also suggests that trophy hunting is problematic from the perspectives of both deontology and virtue theory. This paper supports a version of Bryan Norton's ‘convergence hypothesis’ (Norton, 1991). Although holism and anthropocentrism in environmental ethics are usually presented as fundamentally opposed views, Norton argued that their conclusions for policy converge, at least when a sufficiently broad and long‐range view of human interests are considered. Analogously, this paper proposes that, regarding trophy hunting, the implications of three major traditional perspectives in ethics (i.e. utilitarianism, deontology and virtue theory) may converge in opposition to the practice of trophy hunting. The final section of this paper recommends some ways authorities and policymakers can address these ethical concerns and presents a view of the future. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Safe-guarding the colonial present: game farms on the frontier in KwaZulu-Natal's ‘Battlefields Route’

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Living on Other People’s Land; Impacts of Farm Conversions to Game Farming on Farm Dwellers’ Abilities to Access Land in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Living on Other People’s Land; Impacts of Farm Conversions to Game Farming on Farm Dwellers’ Abilities to Access Land in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Power and politics in stakeholder engagement: farm dweller (in)visibility and conversions to game farming in South Africa

Trophy hunting and conservation: Do the major ethical theories converge in opposition to trophy hunting?

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