Safe Fabrication and Characterization of NC/CL‐20/CnMs Nanoenergetic Composite Materials via Modified Sol‐Gel

Chen, Ling; Wang, Yingbo; You, Fei; Liu, Jie; He, Weidong

doi:10.1002/slct.202004386

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For the reasons mentioned above, many researchers have devoted considerable effort to studying the energetic binder matrix to prepare nEMs and have obtained noteworthy progress by the sol–gel method over the past decade. For example, (nitrocellulose) NC/RDX, NC/HMX, NC/CL-20, NC/RDX/AP, RDX/GAP (glycidyl azide polymer), and NC/GAP/CL-20 studies have exhibited promising results. The results indicate that the energetic particles are intimately embedded in the energetic gel matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose-Based Energetic Nanocomposites as Propellants and Explosives for Military Applications

Ling

Cao²,

Gao³

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In this study, nitrated bacterial cellulose (NBC) energetic binder was introduced to prepare NBC-based nanocomposite energetic materials (nEMs) through a combined simple and safe sol−gel method and the freeze-drying technology. A series of analytical and test methods were systematically conducted to characterize the structure, composition, thermal properties, and safety performance of the materials. The results indicated that the particles of nitramine explosives were dispersed and embedded homogeneously in the three-dimensional (3D) porous cross-linked construction of the NBC gel matrix; the crystal growth of the explosive particles was restricted, which led to nanometer-scale composites. The thermal analysis demonstrated that the peak temperature of the composite (e.g., NBC/CL-20: 224.8 °C) was reduced and produced substantial heat release (e.g., NBC/CL-20: 3346 J•g −1 ) during the process of decomposition. In addition, the mechanism of thermal decomposition was probed, and cyclic catalytic decomposition between the NBC gel and explosives may exist. The sensitivity decreased visibly because of the existence of the cross-linked structure of the gel matrix, which could act as a buffer system to mitigate the release stimulated from the surroundings. Accordingly, this investigation may provide the promising potential for NBCbased energetic composites used in explosives and propellants in the military, and further promote the methodology for manufacturing energetic nanocomposites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose-Based Energetic Nanocomposites as Propellants and Explosives for Military Applications

Ling

Cao²,

Gao³

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Generally, the thermal properties and combustion performances of EMs are greatly influenced by their microstructure and dimension [10]. While the arisen of nanoenergetic materials has attracted great interest for researchers at home and abroad, benefiting from its larger specific surface area, higher reactivity, superior combustion performance, and thermal properties [11, 12]. To date, many nanoenergetics have been prepared by different methods, for instance, Ji et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of 3D Porous Network Nanostructure of Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose Gel with Eminent Heat‐Release, Thermal Decomposition Behaviour and Mechanism

Ling

Cao²,

Gao³

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In this study, a novel three‐dimensional (3D) porous cross‐link network structure of nitrated bacterial cellulose (NBC) nano‐gel, as an energetic gel matrix for fabrication of nanocomposite energetic materials, (nEMs) was synthesized by sol‐gel synthetic and the freeze‐drying technology. The analysis results revealed that the unique network structure with abundant of nano‐porous, which made the thermal behaviour of the NBC gel different from that of raw NBC. The thermal decomposition kinetic and mechanism of the NBC gel indicated that the exothermic peak temperature of the gel matrix decreased at low concentration, and the activation energy (Ea) of the gel0.5 (150000 J ⋅ mol−1) was much lower than that of raw NBC (223510 J ⋅ mol−1). However, the decomposition kinetic parameters of this study were not enough to illustrate the thermal properties, and which needs more effort to study them and complete. Furthermore, the initial reaction of gel decomposition was the splitting of urethane bond, and then the scission of −O−NO2 bonds happened, and the macromolecular chains’ breakage site of gel first occurred at −C−O−C− in the ring. After then, the chains of NBC break at −C−O−C− between the rings; notably, the heat‐release of gel was several times than that of raw NBC, which was liberated during the process of thermal decomposition. This promising research may provide potential application in preparing binder‐based nEMs and the basic theory of thermo‐analysis used in propellants and explosives.

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“…[9,10] However, these high-energy explosives usually suffer from high sensitivities, for instance impact, friction, electrostatic spark, and thermal, which are then impeding the further applications in modern military applications. [11] Thus, it is mostly used in the form of composite materials, called energetic composites materials. Up till now, an increasing number of scientists have devoted thoroughly investigation on the nitramine explosives based composite energetic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example some inert matrix, SiO 2 -matrix, [24] RF (resorcinol-formaldehyde)-matrix, [25] PU (polyurethane)matrix, [26] cellulose-matrix, [27] and Fe 2 O 3 -matrix. [28] In addition, previous works also prepared a series of energetic gel matrix, for instance NC-matrix, [11,29] GAP (glycidyl azide polymer)-matrix, [30] BAMO-THF (3, 3-Bis (azidomethyl) oxetanetetrahydrofuran copolymer)matrix, [31] and NBC (nitrated bacterial cellulose)-matrix nEMs, [32] which can not only reduce the sensitivity, but also maintain the energy performance of composites compared with that of inert matrix nEMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of nitrocellulose‐based nanoenergetic composites, study on its structure, thermal decomposition kinetics, mechanism, and sensitivity

Chen

Liu

Cao³

et al. 2021

Nano Select

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In order to investigate the thermal decomposition kinetics and mechanism of nitrocellulose (NC) based nitramine explosives nanocomposite energetic materials, this work prepares NC/RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine), NC/HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine), and NC/CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) composites by a combined sol-gel and the freeze-drying technology. The structure is systematically investigated and the results reveal that the explosive particles are dispersed, filled, or embedded homogenously in the gel matrix of NC, thereby restricting the crystal growth of RDX, HMX, CL-20 particles to coarse and achieving submicron/nanometer. The thermal analysis of composites exhibits much lower peak temperature compared with raw explosive crystal, furthermore, the activation energy (E a ) of composites is also lower than that of both NC and explosives. Hence, the unique structure of NC gel matrix embedded explosives inside demonstrated different mechanism of decomposition. Concretely, the rupture of the H-NCO = O bond in the cross-linked structure is detected firstly, subsequently, the macromolecular chains' scission site of gel firstly occurs at -C-O-C-in the ring, and then the scission of -NO 2 (from NC or explosive crystals) bonds happened. Hence, this study may provide promising fabrication strategy and basic theory for the application of NC-based nanocomposite energetics in high-energy propellants and explosives.

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Safe Fabrication and Characterization of NC/CL‐20/CnMs Nanoenergetic Composite Materials via Modified Sol‐Gel

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose-Based Energetic Nanocomposites as Propellants and Explosives for Military Applications

Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose-Based Energetic Nanocomposites as Propellants and Explosives for Military Applications

Synthesis of 3D Porous Network Nanostructure of Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose Gel with Eminent Heat‐Release, Thermal Decomposition Behaviour and Mechanism

Fabrication of nitrocellulose‐based nanoenergetic composites, study on its structure, thermal decomposition kinetics, mechanism, and sensitivity

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