Safe disposal and effective destruction of clinical wastes

Blenkharn, J.I.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.01.029

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Clinical waste is incinerated at temperatures in excess of 1000°C to ensure sterilisation (Blenhharn, 2005). This temperature is sufficient to decompose calcite.…”

Section: Influence Upon Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated carbonation treatment of industrial wastes

2010

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“…Clinical waste is incinerated at temperatures in excess of 1000°C to ensure sterilisation (Blenhharn, 2005). This temperature is sufficient to decompose calcite.…”

Section: Influence Upon Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated carbonation treatment of industrial wastes

2010

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“…However, the clinical wastes are responsible for more than 60 % of the costs of the treatment processes by incinerations [1]. In Malaysia, the amount of clinical wastes generated form healthcare facilities has increased from 3303 to 18,055 tones during 1997-2012 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Aspergillus Spores in Clinical Wastes by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Efaq

Rahman²,

Nagao³

et al. 2016

Arab J Sci Eng

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The present work investigated the inactivation of Aspergillus spp. spores by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) based on the destruction of enzyme activity and the alteration of spore morphology as documented using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Six Aspergillus spp. included A. niger, Aspergillus sp. in section Nigri, A. fumigatus, A. tubingensis, A. hortai and Aspergillus sp. strain no 145 were isolated from clinical waste samples and inactivated by using SC-CO 2 at optimal conditions (35 MPa, 75 • C and 90 min). The inactivation of spores was determined by the culturing method. Aspergillus sp. strain no 145 and Aspergillus hortai were further analysed to quantify enzyme activity, and the morphology of spores was determined by SEM to demonstrate the inactivation mechanism. The results revealed that growth and enzyme activity of the SC-CO 2 treated fungal spores were not detected. The SEM observation demonstrated complete destruction of spore morphology and exsorption of protoplasmic contents. The findings proved the high efficiency of SC-CO 2 for the destruction of fungal contaminants in clinical wastes. B A. N. Efaq

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“…CSW is prescribed by many as infectious or hazardous due to the fact it can contain a great variety of pathogenic microorganisms which commonly include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and prions [5,6,7,8,9]. Personnel involved in the treatment of clinical waste are exposed to infectious agents through several routes, including skin penetration, skin contact, or the aerogenic route [5,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that clinical waste incinerators are a leading source of dioxin and mercury in the environment [16,17]. Further, the resulting waste such as fly ash and bottom ash might contain dioxins, toxic chemical and heavy metals and therefore has to be disposed as a hazardous waste [6,10,17]. In addition, there is the possibility that heat resistant pathogenic microorganisms may remain viable in stack gas and bottom ash [9,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of Clinical Solid Waste Using a Steam Autoclave as a Possible Alternative Technology to Incineration

Hossain

Balakrishnan

Rahman

et al. 2012

IJERPH

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A steam autoclave was used to sterilize bacteria in clinical solid waste in order to determine an alternative to incineration technology in clinical solid waste management. The influence of contact time (0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) and temperature (111 °C, 121 °C and 131 °C) at automated saturated steam pressure was investigated. Results showed that with increasing contact time and temperature, the number of surviving bacteria decreased. The optimum experimental conditions as measured by degree of inactivation of bacteria were 121 °C for 15 minutes (min) for Gram negative bacteria, 121 °C and 131 °C for 60 and 30 min for Gram positive bacteria, respectively. The re-growth of bacteria in sterilized waste was also evaluated in the present study. It was found that bacterial re-growth started two days after the inactivation. The present study recommends that the steam autoclave cannot be considered as an alternative technology to incineration in clinical solid waste management.

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Safe disposal and effective destruction of clinical wastes

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Accelerated carbonation treatment of industrial wastes

Accelerated carbonation treatment of industrial wastes

Inactivation of Aspergillus Spores in Clinical Wastes by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Treatment of Clinical Solid Waste Using a Steam Autoclave as a Possible Alternative Technology to Incineration

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