Sacred groves, sacrifice zones and soy production: globalization, intensification and neo-nature in South America

Oliveira, Gustavo de L. T.; Hecht, Susanna B.

doi:10.1080/03066150.2016.1146705

Cited by 176 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The extent the which the eventual displacement of impacts from the Amazon to the Cerrado was intentional must also be questioned, for this will suggest very different courses of action to eventually mitigate those impacts. Susanna Hecht characterizes the Brazilian Cerrado and other South American woodlands as 'sacrifice zones' to where agricultural expansion is deliberately (or at least knowingly) displaced in order to save the Amazon biodiversity hotspot and other 'high forests' (Hecht 2005, Oliveira andHecht 2016). If the 'sparing' of the Amazon has indeed been consciously agreed on at the expense of the Cerrado, then actors with an interest in protecting the Cerrado may need to prepare to counter interests and veiled land use strategies.…”

Section: The Amazon-cerrado Nexus and Deforestation In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leakage and boosting effects in environmental governance: a framework for analysis

Lima

Persson

Meyfroidt

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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In an increasingly interconnected world, leakage-broadly understood as unintended displacement of impacts caused by an environmental policy intervention-has become a major governance concern. Yet, leakage remains both loosely conceptualized and poorly understood as a phenomenon in policy making. To fill this gap and broaden the leakage research agenda, we conduct a state-of-theart review of scientific assessments on leakage (particularly on land use) and combine it with conceptual and analytical frameworks from the environmental governance literature. We then propose a rigorous definition of leakage, discuss frequently overlooked political dimensions, and develop a typology of leakage pathways. Our analysis of leakage through a governance lens yields five core insights: (1) Leakage is not simply a mechanistic phenomenon, but a complex governance issue involving questions of institutional fit, interactions, and political agency.(2) Although the land use literature traditionally focuses on leakage through markets or activity displacement, a governance lens shows that it also occurs through information, motivation, or institutional channels. (3) As policymakers may act strategically, the unintentionally of leakage should not be assumed but rather become an object of research. (4) A phenomenon not initially regarded as leakage can come to be framed as such through the action of 'problem brokers' and changes in policy fields. (5) Policy-makers and researchers should broaden their focus from only avoiding leakage to seeking positive spillovers and institutional synergies. These insights are illustrated with examples from two cases relating to land use policy in Brazil and Southeast Asia.

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Section: The Amazon-cerrado Nexus and Deforestation In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leakage and boosting effects in environmental governance: a framework for analysis

Lima

Persson

Meyfroidt

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…These conflicts are often mediated by ideas of primitivism about historical land uses which demonise non-monocrop systems as archaic. Anti-fire discourses are adopted by powerful agribusiness landowners interested in denigrating fire use as part of a political narrative contesting Indigenous and traditional people's rights to land (Eloy et al, 2016;Welch et al, 2013), even as most of the agribusiness holdings rely on a deforestation phase (Merry & Soares-Filho, 2017;Oliveira & Hecht, 2016).…”

Section: Power and Fire Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Firing up: Policy, politics and polemics under new and old burning regimes

Eloy

Hecht

Steward

et al. 2019

Geographical Journal

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Changing fire regimes in the context of climate change call for new understandings of their diversity, use, policies, practices and politics. While catastrophic fires are redoubling calls for suppression, new political ecologies debate fire prohibition politics and emphasise understanding and incorporating local knowledge into management decisions. Latin American countries are characterised by strong regional tensions associated with environmental policies, agriculture and infrastructure development that often compete with local livelihoods, traditional management and a range of resource use practices. Landscape knowledge systems that inform customary use, access and resource interventions have become a new node of contestation; these are added to the perennial question of land rights, especially as carbon politics and other environmental services become more important in the structuring of autonomy over land uses. This themed section presents research conducted in different countries and biomes in Latin America and explores the historical and current tensions around the development of the science of burning by local populations. Research outlines the contradictions and tensions between fire control policies and rural livelihoods, and the emergent political factors and ideologies that inherent in fire conflicts and could help shape solutions. Our four case studies in different regions of south America (Amazon, Cerrado, Chiquitana), explore the production, application and circulation of knowledge about fire and its consequences using an array of methods: classical descriptive models, analytics from political ecology, and the complex arena of science and technology studies. The latter help us to understand the conflictual dynamics associated with “new fire management,” which relies on more technological means of fire control as well as legislation, payments, and new governmentalities to transform traditional practices. Overall, the papers place fire management in its new active political and ecological framing, namely at the heart of current development debates in the Latin American tropics.

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“…Latin America has become in recent decades an important producing market for food products from agricultural origin that are then consumed in Europe or North America, including different types of fruits and vegetables, soybean or fishmeal, and fish oil (Oliveira and Hecht 2016;Fréon et al 2017;Vázquez-Rowe et al 2016). Moreover, products that have been part of the Andean regional cuisine for generations, such as quinoa an important growth in recent years, both as the national beverage in the domestic market and in a rapid increase in exports (PRODUCE 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the Technology Choice Model in Consequential Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in the Peruvian Agricultural Sector

Larrea‐Gallegos

Vázquez‐Rowe

Fresco

et al. 2018

J of Industrial Ecology

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Summary Demand for grapes to produce pisco in southern‐coastal Peru is expected to double by 2030. However, the appellation of this beverage confines the production and limits the space for agricultural expansion, leading to a situation in which potential competition for resources with established constraints is foreseen. Hence, the objective of this study is to understand the environmental impacts, focused on climate change and water consumption, linked to the agricultural dynamism in the valleys of Ica and Pisco due to an increase in the demand of pisco. For this, the viticulture system was analyzed regarding predicted changes in terms of expansion, displacement or intensification using a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) approach, identifying the environmental consequences of these shifts. A two‐step CLCA model was used based on the results of a previous attributional study, in which marginal effects were estimated following the stochastic technology‐of‐choice model (STCM) operational framework. Results identified a potential for the increase of pisco production based on crop substitution in the valleys of Ica and Pisco and suggest that greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption will be reduced locally, but the displaced agricultural production would reverse this tendency. Regardless of the policy implications of the results in the analyzed system, the proposed methodology constitutes a robust methodology that can be applied to other highly constrained agricultural systems, namely, those regulated by geographic indications.

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Sacred groves, sacrifice zones and soy production: globalization, intensification and neo-nature in South America

Cited by 176 publications

References 138 publications

Leakage and boosting effects in environmental governance: a framework for analysis

Leakage and boosting effects in environmental governance: a framework for analysis

Firing up: Policy, politics and polemics under new and old burning regimes

Applying the Technology Choice Model in Consequential Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in the Peruvian Agricultural Sector

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