Sacral Nerve Stimulation With Percutaneous Dorsal Transforamenal Approach in Treatment of Isolated Pelvic Pain Syndromes

Sacral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction: A Case Report

“…(7) reported two cases of sacral nerve stimulation with a percutaneous transforaminal approach for the treatment of SIJ pain after lumbar fusion. Sacral nerve stimulation can be performed with the following approaches: percutaneous retrograde cephalocaudal lumbar approach, percutaneous anterograde sacral hiatus approach, percutaneous transforaminal approach, and open surgery (33). The above‐mentioned investigators pursued the percutaneous transforaminal approach.…”

Percutaneous Cephalocaudal Implantation of Epidural Stimulation Electrodes Over Sacral Nerve Roots—A Technical Note on the Importance of the Lateral Approach

“…In patients who have failed conservative management, sacral neuromodulation is a good treatment option (1,2,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Spinal cord stimulation for these disorders is limited by several anatomical considerations.…”

Spinal Cord Stimulation Modulates Visceral Nociception and Hyperalgesia via the Spinothalamic Tracts and the Postsynaptic Dorsal Column Pathways: A Literature Review and Hypothesis

“…However, recent evidence, as we shall see, points to evidence that might lead us to believe that chronic visceral pain may, in fact, not be nociceptive in nature, but a neuropathic pain syndrome. SCS has, more recently, been shown to provide anecdotal robust pain and dysfunction relief from bladder disorders (15–17) and pain and motility relief from disorders of abdominal visceral pain syndromes (18–21). This article will focus on abdominal visceral painful disorders and the possible putative mechanism or mechanisms for the salient effect of SCS seen in the human experience, forming a hypothesis that SCS modulates the “brain‐gut” axis through modulation of the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) pathway and spinothalamic tracts (STT).…”