Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as an Untapped Source of Fungal Chitosan for Antimicrobial Action

Abstract

Despite being widely available, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has not been widely explored for direct extraction of chitosan biopolymer for antimicrobial applications. In our study, S. cerevisiae from Baker's yeast and Aspergillus niger from moldy onion extracts are studied as alternative sources of chitosan; and S cerevisiae chitosan tested for antimicrobial efficacy. The properties of S. cerevisiae chitosan are compared with moldy onion chitosan and shrimp chitosan extracted from shrimp shells. Chitosan extracted from S. cerevisiae is tested for antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus Aureus.The maximum yields of fungal chitosan are 20.85 ± 0.35 mg/g dry S. cerevisiae biomass at 4th day using a culture broth containing sodium acetate, and 16.15 ± 0.95 mg/g dry A. niger biomass at 12th day. The degree of deacetylation (DD%) of the extracted fungal chitosan samples from S. cerevisiae and A. niger are found to be 63.4%, and 61.2% respectively, using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. At a concentration of 2 g/L, S. cerevisiae chitosan shows the maximum inhibition zone diameter of 15.48 ± 0.07 mm.Baker's yeast S cerevisiae biomass and A. niger from moldy onions has not been previously explored as a source of extractible fungal chitosan. This study gives insight that S. cerevisiae and A. niger from agricultural or industrial wastes could be a potential biomass source for production of the chitosan biopolymer. The S. cerevisiae chitosan displayed effective antimicrobial properties against S aureus, indicating the viablitiy of S cerevisae as a resource for extraction of high-quality chitosan.

Low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides form stable complexes with human lactoferrin

“…No significant differences were observed for fluorescence quenching on HLF. Although the MWs of COS2 and COS3 were almost the same, COS3 was derived from Aspergillus ochraceus , which had a different crystalline structure from COSs derived from shrimp and crab shells [37]. Therefore, the conformational difference of COS also influenced the interaction effect on HLF.…”

“…It was reported that source and treatment of chitosan had effect on its crystallinity, and further affected its characteristics [43]. Chitosan originated from shrimp and crab shells or A. ochraceus had different crystal structures [37], so COSs hydrolyzed by them to the same MWs (COS2 and COS3) had the same interaction mechanism with HLF. Only at relatively low COS concentrations in the COS–HLF mixture, the fluorescence quenching effect of COS derived from A. ochraceus on HLF was higher than that derived from shrimp and crab shells.…”

Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan Extracted from Mucor rouxii

“…reported that Rhizomucor miehei and Mucor racemosus cultivated in Sabouraod dextrose broth were 13.67%, and 11.72%, respectively [12] reported that under optimum conditions, chitosan yield from Aspergillus niger was 7%. Another study by 28 showed the maximum yields of chitosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a culture broth containing sodium acetate were 20.85 ± 0.35 mg/g dry biomass.…”

Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Coating Materials for Orthopedic Implants: A Review

“…It is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and renewable material that does not pollute the environment and exhibits excellent adsorption performance. There are many positive charges on the surface of CS, which is one of the reasons why it has antibacterial and fungistatic properties [12]. CS can penetrate the nuclei of bacteria through the cell walls and bind to DNA, indicating that it may kill bacterial cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis or transcription [13].…”