Saccharomyces boulardii modulates oxidative stress and renin angiotensin system attenuating diabetes-induced liver injury in mice

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to a deficiency in endogenous insulin production, resulting from pancreatic beta cell death. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to enhanced oxidative stress and liver injury. Several studies have evaluated the anti-diabetic and protective effects of probiotic strains in animal models. In the present study, we investigated, through histopathological and biochemical analyses, the effects of eight weeks of administration of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) yeast on the liver of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that S. boulardii attenuates hepatocytes hydropic degeneration and hepatic vessels congestion in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The treatment attenuated the oxidative stress in diabetic mice leading to a reduction of carbonylated protein concentration and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, compared to untreated diabetic animals. The results also show the beneficial influence of S. boulardii in regulating the hepatic concentration of renin angiotensin system (RAS) peptides. Therefore, our results demonstrated that S. boulardii administration to STZ-induced diabetic mice reduces oxidative stress and normalizes the concentration of RAS peptides, supporting the hypothesis that this yeast may have a role as a potential adjunctive therapy to attenuate diabetes-induced liver injury.

Sclareol ameliorates liver injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B/NOD-like receptor protein 3-mediated inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic mice

“…It has been reported that hyperglycemia stimulates the generation of ROS and decreases antioxidant defense in the livers of diabetic rats. 38 In our study, the activities of antioxidant factors GSH-PX and SOD were decreased, whereas the level of ROS production was increased in mice with T1DM, which was consistent with previous studies showing that SOD activity was decreased in both STZ-induced diabetic mice and rats. 37 , 38 A previous study has shown that SCL ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by reducing ROS levels.…”

Microbiota analysis in individuals with type two diabetes mellitus and end‑stage renal disease: A pilot study

“…On the other hand, fungi from the Saccharomyces family are known to have beneficial effects on patients with DM, by improving blood-sugar levels, dyslipidemia, alveolar bone destruction, hepatic inflammation (as shown by a reduction in the transaminase serum levels) and by modulation of the immune response (as shown by the reduction of serum TNF-α levels) ( 52-54 ). A previous study performed on C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes demonstrated that administrating Saccharomyces boulardii through intraperitoneal injections during an 8-week period reduced hepatic hydropic degeneration and hepatic vascular congestion, diminished oxidative stress (by reducing carbonylated proteins, and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and normalized concentrations of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system peptides (affecting both the liver and the kidneys) ( 55 ).…”

Gut non-bacterial microbiota contributing to alcohol-associated liver disease

“… 88 There are many types of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium bifidus, Lactobacillus , and Saccharomyces boulardii , of which S. boulardii is probably the most commonly used probiotic fungi. Animal studies have confirmed that S. boulardii could change gut microbiota and attenuate liver injury, inflammation, 89–91 and fibrosis, 92 potentially indicating its protective and therapeutic role in liver diseases. A recent study revealed that most strains of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts evaluated in their work are safe microorganisms, and those could be regarded as a valid alternative to the widely available probiotic yeast S. boulardii .…”