Saccadic Selectivity During Visual Search

Shen, Jiye; Reingold, Eyal M.; Pomplun, Marc; Williams, Diane E.

doi:10.1016/b978-044451020-4/50005-0

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our failure to find an impact of preceding or following clusters fails to replicate the previous finding of Hooge and Erkelens (1999), who found that the likelihood of fixating a similar distractor was influenced by the item examined previously. However, our finding that the fixation time on a cluster was almost completely dependent on the difficulty of the discrimination of the current cluster is similar to the findings in Shen et al (2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In other words, saccades appeared to be more intelligently guided the longer a fixation was. Shen, Reingold, Pomplun, and Williams (2003) attempted to replicate the findings of Hooge and Erkelens (1999), using different types of search arrays and with differing demands on the participants' attention while they performed the search. They successfully replicated Hooge and Erkelens's finding that fixation time was related to the difficulty of the discrimination task, with longer fixations being devoted to harder discriminations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the difference in the predictability of the location of the stimuli between Hooge and Erkelens (1999) and Shen et al (2003), we attempted to use a display that would maximize our chances of predicting the participants' scanning patterns. That is, we arranged search stimuli so that they resembled words on a single line of text.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Searching for an O in an array of Cs: Eye movements track moment-to-moment processing in visual search

Williams

Pollatsek

2007

Perception & Psychophysics

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We examined how closely the underlying cognitive processing in a visual search task guides eye movements by comparing two different search tasks. In the extended search task, participants searched for an O in eight clusters of Landolt Cs with varying gap widths (four characters per cluster, arranged to look like words in text). In the single-cluster task, participants searched a single cluster (identical to the ones in the extended search). The key manipulation was gap size; although gap orientation for the distractors varied within a cluster, gap size was constant within a cluster but differed in size from cluster to cluster. The principal findings were that (1) gaze durations in the extended search were almost completely a function of the difficulty of the cluster (i.e., the gap size of the Cs) and (2) the effect of gap size on gaze durations in the extended search was very similar to its effect on response times in the single-cluster search. Thus, it appears that eye movements in the search task are determined almost exclusively by the ongoing cognitive processing on that cluster.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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confidence: 99%

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Searching for an O in an array of Cs: Eye movements track moment-to-moment processing in visual search

Williams

Pollatsek

2007

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Other target characteristics, such as size and shape, were not as preferentially selected. In addition, several recent studies (e.g., Hooge & Erkelens, 1999;Shen, Reingold, Pomplun, & Williams, 2003;Zelinsky, 1996) found that participants were more likely to fixate distractor objects possessing a target feature than objects that did not. However, this preference did not account for all of the variance in object selection, indicating the imperfection of eyemovement guidance during search (Zelinsky, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way to examine the deployment of attention is to use eye-movement measures, because attention and fixation tend to be relatively tightly linked. There have been several examinations of eye movements and visual search (e.g., Bertera & Rayner, 2000;Findlay, 1997;Findlay, Brown, & Gilchrist, 2001;Hooge & Erkelens, 1999;Motter & Belky, 1998;Scialfa & Joffe, 1998;Shen, Reingold, Pomplun, & Williams, 2003;D. E. Williams, Reingold, Moscovitch, & Behrmann, 1997;I.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental visual memory for targets and distractors in visual search

Williams

Henderson

Zacks

2005

Perception & Psychophysics

119

155

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We explored incidental retention of visual details of encountered objects during search. Participants searched for conjunction targets in 32 arrays of 12 pictures of real-world objects and then performed a token discrimination task that examined their memory for visual details of the targets and distractors from the search task. The results indicate that even though participants had not been instructed to memorize the objects, the visual details of search targets and distractor objects related to the targets were retained after the search. Distractor objects unrelated to the search target were remembered more poorly. Eye-movement measures indicated that the objects that were remembered were looked at more frequently during search than those that were not remembered. These results provide support that detailed visual information is included incidentally in the visual representation of an object after the object is no longer in view.

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Search for multiple targets of different colours: Misguided eye movements reveal a reduction of colour selectivity

Stroud

Menneer

Cave

et al. 2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Searching for two targets simultaneously is often less efficient than conducting two separate searches. Eye movements were tracked to understand this dual-target cost. Findings are discussed in the context of security screening. In both single-target and dual-target search, displays contained one target at most. Stimuli were abstract shapes modelled after guns and other threat items. With these targets and distractors, colour information helped more in guiding search than shape information. When the two targets had different colours, distractors with colours different from either target were fixated more often in dual-target search than in single-target searches. Thus a dual-target cost arose from a reduction in colour selectivity, reflecting limitations in the ability to represent two target features simultaneously and use them to guide search. Because of these limitations, performance in security searches may improve if each image is searched by two screeners, each specializing in a different category of threat item.

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Saccadic Selectivity During Visual Search

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Searching for an O in an array of Cs: Eye movements track moment-to-moment processing in visual search

Searching for an O in an array of Cs: Eye movements track moment-to-moment processing in visual search

Incidental visual memory for targets and distractors in visual search

Search for multiple targets of different colours: Misguided eye movements reveal a reduction of colour selectivity

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