Saccadic eye movements in tracking, fixation, and rest in schizophrenic and normal subjects

Matsue, Yoshihiko; Okuma, Takashi; Saito, Hiroko; Aneha, Shuhei; Ueno, Takashi; Chiba, Hideaki; Matsuoka, Hiroo

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(86)90166-6

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…5-second) intervals, suggesting that schizophrenia patients did not have slow drifts off target during fixation. Amador et al's [17] results could have been due to an increased frequency of saccades during fixation, an interpretation consistent with the findings of other investigators [18,19]. Clementz et al [20], however, reported that 30 schizophrenia and 27 normal subjects did not differ significantly on saccade frequency and amplitude during central and eccentric fixation.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

Fixation Stability among Schizophrenia Patients

Kißler

Clementz

1998

Neuropsychobiology

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Twenty-four schizophrenia and 26 normal subjects were presented targets for fixation at ±17.5° and 0° of visual angle. The manner in which stimuli were presented allowed us to evaluate for the presence of gaze-evoked and rebound drifts, and for frequency of saccades at both eccentric and central fixation. Schizophrenia patients and normal subjects had remarkably similar performance regardless of stimulus condition. These results suggest that the gaze-holding apparatus is functioning normally among schizophrenia patients, a finding that is not easily attributable to either medication effects and/or low statistical power. These data are another indication that schizophrenia patients have specific, not general, abnormalities of ocular motor control.

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supporting

confidence: 78%

Fixation Stability among Schizophrenia Patients

Kißler

Clementz

1998

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Nevertheless, these "attentional" deficits were variable in our and other schizophrenic subjects, more likely to occur if they were not undergoing drug treatment (see Oltmann et al 1978), and not present under all environmental conditions. Mialet and Pichot (1981) found schizophrenic individuals produced more saccades while attempting fixation than normals; Matsue et al (1986) and Mather and Putchat (1983) did not, although the latter found schizophrenics had significantly more Prediction errors. Yet all researchers found these departures from fixation were always more frequent in schizophrenic subjects than controls, but not significantly so because of variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Mialet and Pichot (1981), Mather and Putchat (1983) and Iacono and Koenig (1983) all found that there were more saccades not at the end but at the high-velocity "catch-up" phases of target motion, which suggests a tracking efficiency and not an attentional problem. Mialet and Pichot (1981) and Matsue et al, (1986) looked at saccade production across fixation and tracking, but did not find the significant correlations across tasks which would suggest a common deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Release of saccades in schizophrenics: Inattention or inefficiency?

Mather

Neufeld

Merskey

et al. 1989

Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci

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This paper attempts to distinguish between inattention and inefficiency as the cause of the eye movement problems of schizophrenic subjects. It focuses on their release of fast saccadic eye movements in four different situations: interrupting smooth tracking, as double-jumps in refixation, and as inadvertent departures from steady fixation or too-early prediction moves. If an attention deficit causes saccades during tracking, they should be reduced only for schizophrenic subjects in the dark, when there is no contrasting background. Instead the reduction was present for all groups. If double-jumps in saccadic refixations were caused by inattentional instability, they should increase in schizophrenic subjects when the target is a temporary flash of light. Instead, they were reduced in all groups to almost none, suggesting a perceptual processing cause for the excess double jumps. If a global attentional problem of schizophrenia caused saccade release, saccade number should be correlated across the four situations. Instead, there were significant correlations only between departures and predictions in paranoid schizophrenic subjects (r = 0.728) and between predictions and looking in nonparanoid schizophrenic subjects (r = -0.855). This lack of over-all correlations suggests that a common inattentional problem does not produce these eye movement deficiencies. Instead, the perceptual influence on tracking and looking suggests that processing inefficiency is responsible for at least part of the deficit.

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“…One of the difficulties in interpreting EEG findings that show increased frontal delta activity in people with schizophrenia is that such individuals may be more prone to involuntary saccadic eye movements (Matsue 1986). Antipsychotic medications increase the amount of alpha activity, adding another confounding factor to the EEG recording.…”

Section: Psychotic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG in psychiatric practice: to do or not to do?

Badrakalimuthu¹,

Swamiraju²,

Waal³

2011

Adv. psychiatr. treat

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SummaryElectroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive investigation that can aid the diagnosis of psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders. A good predictor of an abnormal EEG recording is the presence of an organic factor identified during the clinical assessment. The non-invasiveness and low cost of the procedure and its ability to measure spontaneous brain activity appear to attract clinicians to utilise this investigative tool. However, studies have reported that EEGs arising from psychiatric referrals have the lowest abnormality detection rate. The focus of this article is to improve this by highlighting the current pitfalls and providing recommendations for appropriate utilisation of EEG. We describe specific EEG changes associated with major psychiatric disorders. We conclude by offering pragmatic considerations when referring a patient for EEG, emphasising the fact that the information provided to the neurophysiologist plays a crucial role in interpreting the EEG recording in a diagnostically meaningful way.

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Saccadic eye movements in tracking, fixation, and rest in schizophrenic and normal subjects

Cited by 59 publications

References 10 publications

Fixation Stability among Schizophrenia Patients

Fixation Stability among Schizophrenia Patients

Release of saccades in schizophrenics: Inattention or inefficiency?

EEG in psychiatric practice: to do or not to do?

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