Saccade-related activity in areas 18 and 21a of cats freely viewing complex scenes

Moeller, Gudrun U.; Kayser, Christoph; König, Peter

doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3280125686

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similarly, the contribution of extraretinal oculomotor signals to these stimulus-driven areas has also been suggested by a 2-deoxyglucose study, where memory-guided saccades in complete darkness led to increased glucose utilization in MT, MST, and V4t (Bakola et al, 2007). By contrast, perisaccadic neural activity in early retinotopic areas is primarily postsaccadic and likely to be reafferent in nature (Wurtz, 1969;Moeller et al, 2007). While there is some evidence of extraretinal input to V1 (Sylvester and Rees, 2006;McFarland et al, 2015;Leopold and Logothetis, 1998), modulation is less widely reported, and has been shown to be weaker, than in the STS areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, reafferent events often occur in conjunction with real stimulus motion, as when an agent shifts their gaze over a dynamic scene. A fundamental challenge of the brain is to compensate for, or ignore, self-induced visual activity to accurately perceive the movement of objects in the external world (Holst and Mittelstaedt, 1950;Moeller et al, 2007;Ibbotson et al, 2008;Bremmer et al, 2009;Inaba and Kawano, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct fMRI Responses to Self-Induced versus Stimulus Motion during Free Viewing in the Macaque

et al. 2016

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Visual motion responses in the brain are shaped by two distinct sources: the physical movement of objects in the environment and motion resulting from one's own actions. The latter source, termed visual reafference, stems from movements of the head and body, and in primates from the frequent saccadic eye movements that mark natural vision. To study the relative contribution of reafferent and stimulus motion during natural vision, we measured fMRI activity in the brains of two macaques as they freely viewed Ͼ50 hours of naturalistic video footage depicting dynamic social interactions. We used eye movements obtained during scanning to estimate the level of reafferent retinal motion at each moment in time. We also estimated the net stimulus motion by analyzing the video content during the same time periods. Mapping the responses to these distinct sources of retinal motion, we found a striking dissociation in the distribution of visual responses throughout the brain. Reafferent motion drove fMRI activity in the early retinotopic areas V1, V2, V3, and V4, particularly in their central visual field representations, as well as lateral aspects of the caudal inferotemporal cortex (area TEO). However, stimulus motion dominated fMRI responses in the superior temporal sulcus, including areas MT, MST, and FST as well as more rostral areas. We discuss this pronounced separation of motion processing in the context of natural vision, saccadic suppression, and the brain's utilization of corollary discharge signals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct fMRI Responses to Self-Induced versus Stimulus Motion during Free Viewing in the Macaque

et al. 2016

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“…Whether eye movements per se are necessary to produce the enhancement we saw, or whether the same effects could have resulted from artificial stimulus motion mimicking saccades is a topic we are presently investigating. Recent work in cat visual cortex has shown that saccades induce long-lasting changes in the frequency spectrum of neuronal firing that differ from those produced by comparable stimulus changes without eye movements (Moeller et al 2007).…”

Section: Influence Of Natural Context and Eye Movements On V1 Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macaque V1 Activity During Natural Vision: Effects of Natural Scenes and Saccades

MacEvoy

Hanks

Paradiso

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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In the present study, we examined the way that scene complexity and saccades combine to sculpt the temporal response patterns of V1 neurons. To bridge the gap between conventional and free viewing experiments, we compared responses of neurons across four paradigms ranging from less to more natural. An optimal bar stimulus was either flashed into a receptive field (RF) or brought into it via saccade and was embedded in either a natural scene or a uniform gray background. Responses to a flashed bar tended to be higher with a uniform rather than natural background. The most novel result reported here is that responses evoked by stimuli brought into the RF via saccades were enhanced compared with the same stimuli flashed during steady fixation. No single factor appears to account entirely for this surprising effect, but there were small contributions from fixational saccades and residual activity carried over from the previous fixation. We also found a negative correlation with cells' response "history" in that a larger response on one fixation was associated with a lower response on the subsequent fixation. The effects of the natural background and saccades exhibited a significant nonlinear interaction with the suppressive effects of the natural background less for stimuli entering RFs with saccades. Together, these results suggest that even responses to standard optimal stimuli are difficult to predict under conditions similar to natural vision, and further demonstrate the importance of naturalistic experimental paradigms to the study of visual processing in V1.

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(Micro)Saccades, corollary activity and cortical oscillations

Melloni

Schwiedrzik

Rodríguez

et al. 2009

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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Saccade-related activity in areas 18 and 21a of cats freely viewing complex scenes

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Distinct fMRI Responses to Self-Induced versus Stimulus Motion during Free Viewing in the Macaque

Distinct fMRI Responses to Self-Induced versus Stimulus Motion during Free Viewing in the Macaque

Macaque V1 Activity During Natural Vision: Effects of Natural Scenes and Saccades

(Micro)Saccades, corollary activity and cortical oscillations

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