Saccade deficits after a unilateral lesion affecting the superior colliculus.

Pierrot‐Deseilligny, C; Rosa, Anna De; Masmoudi, Kaouthar; Rivaud, Sophie; Gaymard, Bertrand

doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.12.1106

Cited by 80 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, the need for more saccades may reflect saccadic dysmetria and the need for additional corrective saccades. Saccade hypometria lesions involving the cortex, pretectum, thalamus, superior colliculus, and cerebellum,46, 47, 48 while saccade hypermetria implicates injury to the cerebellum. Further quantitative study of eye movements should allow a better understanding of how frequently these areas are involved in concussed subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Rizzo

Hudson

Dai³

et al. 2016

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveThe King–Devick (KD) test, which is based on rapid number naming speed, is a performance measure that adds vision and eye movement assessments to sideline concussion testing. We performed a laboratory‐based study to characterize ocular motor behavior during the KD test in a patient cohort with chronic concussion to identify features associated with prolonged KD reading times.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with a concussion history (mean age: 31) were compared to control participants with no concussion history (n = 42, mean age: 32). Participants performed a computerized KD test under infrared‐based video‐oculography.ResultsAverage intersaccadic intervals for task‐specific saccades were significantly longer among concussed patients compared to controls (324.4 ± 85.6 msec vs. 286.1 ± 49.7 msec, P = 0.027). Digitized KD reading times were prolonged in concussed participants versus controls (53.43 ± 14.04 sec vs. 43.80 ± 8.55 sec, P = 0.004) and were highly correlated with intersaccadic intervals. Concussion was also associated with a greater number of saccades during number reading and larger average deviations of saccade endpoint distances from the centers of the to‐be‐read numbers (1.22 ± 0.29° vs. 0.98 ± 0.27°, P = 0.002). There were no differences in saccade peak velocity, duration, or amplitude.InterpretationProlonged intersaccadic intervals, greater numbers of saccades, and larger deviations of saccade endpoints underlie prolonged KD reading times in chronic concussion. The KD test relies upon a diffuse neurocognitive network that mediates the fine control of efferent visual function. One sequela of chronic concussion may be disruption of this system, which may produce deficits in spatial target selection and planning of eye movements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Rizzo

Hudson

Dai³

et al. 2016

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…They are generated in the brain stem, but there is extensive evidence from electrophysiological studies in monkeys (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985;Funahashi et al, 1989;Funahashi et al, 1990;Lynch et al, 1977;Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987) as well as from neuroimaging (Anderson et al, 1994;Fox et al, 1985;Law et al, 1997;Luna et al, 1998;Sweeney et al, 1996) and lesion studies in humans (Pierrot-Deseilligny et al, 2003a;Pierrot-Deseilligny et al, 1991b) that the cerebral cortex is involved in their control and preparation. Three main cortical areas are involved in the generation of saccades: the frontal eye field (FEF), located mostly at the intersection between the precentral sulcus and the superior frontal sulcus (Paus, 1996), the supplementary eye field (SEF), located on the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus (Grosbras et al, 1999) and the parietal eye field (PEF), located in the intraparietal sulcus (Medendorp et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-related power modulations of brain activity preceding visually guided saccades

et al. 2007

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To analyze the characteristics of the event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS) of cortical rhythms during the preparation and execution of a lateralized eye movement, EEG was recorded in normal subjects during a visually guided task. Alpha and beta bands were investigated in three temporal intervals: a sensory period, a delay period and a saccade preparation period time locked with saccade onset. Modulations of ERD/ERS power, coupled with the task, reached the largest amplitudes over the frontal and parieto-occipital regions. Differences of oscillatory activity in the alpha bands revealed an intriguing pattern of asymmetry in parieto-occipital areas. Rightward saccades induced a larger desynchronization with respect to the leftward saccades in the left hemisphere, but not in the right. If representative, these findings are congruent to the established righthemisphere dominance of the brain areas that direct attention. Moreover differences between the two alpha types emerged in the frontal areas before and during the saccade preparation periods, indicative of differential engagement of these areas depending on the task demands. In conclusion, the present approach shows that planning eye movements is linked with covert orienting of spatial attention and may supply a useful method for studying eye movements and selective attention-related processes. IntroductionSaccades are short duration ballistic eye movements performed in order to foveate an image on the retina. They are generated in the brain stem, but there is extensive evidence from electrophysiological studies in monkeys (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985;Funahashi et al., 1989;Funahashi et al., 1990;Lynch et al., 1977;Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987) as well as from neuroimaging (Anderson et al., 1994;Fox et al., 1985;Law et al., 1997;Luna et al., 1998;Sweeney et al., 1996) and lesion studies in humans (Pierrot-Deseilligny et al., 2003a;Pierrot-Deseilligny et al., 1991b) that the cerebral cortex is involved in their control and preparation. Three main cortical areas are involved in the generation of saccades: the frontal eye field (FEF), located mostly at the intersection between the precentral sulcus and the superior frontal sulcus (Paus, 1996), the supplementary eye field (SEF), located on the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus (Grosbras et al., 1999) and the parietal eye field (PEF), located in the intraparietal sulcus (Medendorp et al., 2003). These areas contribute to the triggering of saccades with, apparently, different roles depending on the type of saccade to be performed. Actually, saccades may be reflexive, externally

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“…However, whereas the dlPFC has direct corticotectal projections (Goldman and Nauta 1976;Johnston and Everling 2006;Leichnetz et al 1981), the cortico-mesencephalic projections of the ACC appear to target the periaqueductal gray instead (Leichnetz et al 1981). Given that the saccade commands sent from the SC to the brain stem saccade generator (Gandhi and Katnani 2011;Munoz et al 2000;Scudder et al 2002;Sparks 2002) appear to play a critical role in saccade initiation (Pierrot-Deseilligny et al 1991;Wurtz and Goldberg 1972), the absence of ACC corticotectal projections suggests that the ACC does not play a prominent role in pro-and antisaccade preparation.…”

Section: A Paucity Of Unilateral Acc Cooling Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of unilateral deactivations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex on saccadic eye movements

Koval

Hutchison

Lomber

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Koval MJ, Hutchison RM, Lomber SG, Everling S. Effects of unilateral deactivations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex on saccadic eye movements. J Neurophysiol 111: 787-803, 2014. First published November 27, 2013 doi:10.1152/jn.00626.2013.-The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have both been implicated in the cognitive control of saccadic eye movements by single neuron recording studies in nonhuman primates and functional imaging studies in humans, but their relative roles remain unclear. Here, we reversibly deactivated either dlPFC or ACC subregions in macaque monkeys while the animals performed randomly interleaved pro-and antisaccades. In addition, we explored the wholebrain functional connectivity of these two regions by applying a seed-based resting-state functional MRI analysis in a separate cohort of monkeys. We found that unilateral dlPFC deactivation had stronger behavioral effects on saccades than unilateral ACC deactivation, and that the dlPFC displayed stronger functional connectivity with frontoparietal areas than the ACC. We suggest that the dlPFC plays a more prominent role in the preparation of pro-and antisaccades than the ACC.saccades; monkeys; cortical cooling; functional connectivity RESEARCH OVER THE PAST 40 yr has demonstrated that a number of cortical areas participate in the generation of saccadic eye movements in primates. Of particular importance are the frontal eye field (FEF; Bruce et al. 1985), supplementary eye field (SEF; Schlag and Schlag-Rey 1987), and lateral intraparietal area (LIP; Shibutani et al. 1984), from which saccades can be directly evoked by electrical microstimulation. Two additional regions that are frequently activated in human functional neuroimaging studies lie in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and the presupplementary motor area/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In monkeys, these areas correspond to the dlPFC in and around the principal sulcus (areas 46 and 9/46; Petrides and Pandya 1999), and the ACC in the rostral cingulate sulcus (area 24c;Picard and Strick 1996).Activations in the dlPFC and ACC are typically not seen in neuroimaging experiments when simple visually-guided saccades are compared with fixation (Luna et al. 1998;Sweeney et al. 1996), but instead when a more complex saccade task is compared with a simple saccade task (Brown et al. 2004; DeSouza et al. 2003;McDowell et al. 2008;Sweeney et al. 1996). A well-studied example is the comparison of the performance of antisaccades, which requires subjects to look away from a suddenly appearing stimulus (Hallett 1978;Munoz and Everling 2004), with the performance of prosaccades, which requires subjects simply to look toward the stimulus. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using long instruction periods (DeSouza et al. 2003; Ford et al. 2005) or rapid designs with catch trials (Brown et al. 2007) have shown that the dlPFC and ACC are more active for anti-than prosaccades during the instruct...

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Saccade deficits after a unilateral lesion affecting the superior colliculus.

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Rapid number naming in chronic concussion: eye movements in the King–Devick test

Event-related power modulations of brain activity preceding visually guided saccades

Effects of unilateral deactivations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex on saccadic eye movements

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