“…42 A number of VEGF isoforms exist, the first discovered and most well known being VEGF-A; however, most IPF literature does not differentiate, and discussions refer to pan-VEGF isoforms unless specifically noted. 43 A study by Meyer et al measuring VEGF levels in BALF and serum found significantly depressed values in BALF of IPF patients compared to controls and sarcoidosis and cystic fibrosis patients; serum levels did not demonstrate any significant differences. 44 A few years later, another investigation of BALF by Koyama et al determined that VEGF concentrations were significantly reduced in all chronic pulmonary disease states evaluated (IPF, ILD related to connective tissue disease, and sarcoidosis), as well as in healthy smokers.…”