S100B protein, 5-S-cysteinyldopa and 6-hydroxy-5- methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid as biochemical markers for survival prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma

High expression levels of collagenase‐1 and stromelysin‐1 correlate with shorter disease‐free survival in human metastatic melanoma

“…In human malignant melanoma patient particular melanin metabolites in urine or serum can predict the dissemination of the disease. 28 Similarly, the increased expression levels of gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9) or collagenases (MMP-1, -8 and -13) have been shown to correlate with melanoma tumor invasiveness 29,30 or progression. 31 High expression level of MMP-2 can predict poor outcome in uveal melanoma 32 and de novo expression of MMP-9 in neoplastic melanocytes early invasion in melanoma of skin.…”

Circulating Serologic and Molecular Biomarkers in Malignant Melanoma

“…22,[24][25][26][27] 24 demonstrated a correlation between serum S100B levels and Breslow thickness, a validated prognostic factor. A combined serum S100B threshold greater than 0.22 μg/L and a Breslow thickness greater than 4 mm had a sensitivity and specificity for the presence of disseminated disease of 91% and 95%, respectively, and may provide a better indication of prognosis at diagnosis.…”

Biomarkers for Melanoma Diagnosis and the Technologies Used to Identify Them

“…Of the urinary biomarkers of melanoma already identified (Table 3), 5SCD and 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (6H5MI2C), are intermediate metabolites in melanin pigment formation, and have been the most extensively studied. An increase in urine levels of these markers has been associated with tumor progression and low survival rates (Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Wakamatsu et al, 2002). In healthy patients, the urinary levels of these markers are influenced by age (Meyerhöffer et al, 1998), sex (Morishima and Hanawa, 1981;Kågedal et al, 1992), skin color and season (Ito et al, 1987), but not by pregnancy (Carstam et al, 1985).…”

“…In healthy patients, the urinary levels of these markers are influenced by age (Meyerhöffer et al, 1998), sex (Morishima and Hanawa, 1981;Kågedal et al, 1992), skin color and season (Ito et al, 1987), but not by pregnancy (Carstam et al, 1985). Although both 5SCD and 6H5MI2C have been detected in the urine of melanoma patients, because of the higher levels of 5SCD, this marker is considered a more reliable urinary biomarker for melanoma than the 6H5MI2C (Kärnell et al, 1997(Kärnell et al, , 2000Wakamatsu et al, 2006). Moreover, the 90-kDa glycoprotein (TA-90) (Rote et al, 1980;Euhus et al, 1989), S100A7 (Brouard et al, 2002) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (Carter et al, 1995) have also been identified in the urine of patients with melanoma (Table 3).…”

“…Moreover, the 90-kDa glycoprotein (TA-90) (Rote et al, 1980;Euhus et al, 1989), S100A7 (Brouard et al, 2002) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (Carter et al, 1995) have also been identified in the urine of patients with melanoma (Table 3). Of these urinary biomarkers, 5SCD, 6H5MI2C, and S100A7 can be considered the most melanoma-specific of the urinary biomarkers (Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Brouard et al, 2002;Wakamatsu et al, 2002 An indicator for liver metastasis; a prognostic indicator in metastatic melanoma Deichmann et al, 2000;Findeisen et al, 2009;Zhuang et al, 2010 Glypican-3 (GPC3) Unknown exactly, but may function as a survival or proliferation-associated factor Nakatsura et al, 2004;Ikuta et al, 2005 PKCα A survival or proliferation-associated protein Kang et al, 2009 5SCD A precursor of melanin; Increased in metastatic prognosis Kärnell et al, 1997Kärnell et al, , 2000Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Wakamatsu et al, 2002 6H5MI2C A precursor of melanin; Increased in metastatic prognosis Hara et al, 1994;Kärnell et al, 1997 A superfamily of acute-phase proteins and proinflammatory adipokine Findeisen et al, 2009 Cystatin C A potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases; Increased primary and metastatic melanoma Kos et al, 1997;Ervin and Cox, 2005 Biomarkers References 5SCD Yamada et al, 1992;Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Wakamatsu et al, 20026H5MI2C Yamada et al, 1992Kärnell et al, 1997TA-90 Rote et al, 1980Euhus et al, 1989…”