S100B, Actor and Biomarker of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Oris, Charlotte; Kahouadji, Samy; Durif, Julie; Bouvier, Damien; Sapin, Vincent

doi:10.3390/ijms24076602

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…In conjunction with Khan et al‘s observation that normal S100β levels on day 8 correspond with delirium resolution, this suggests that activated astrocytes play a role in the maintenance of delirium [ 33 ]. Furthermore, S100β is known to generate reactive oxygen species, which are involved in oxidative stress and long-term neurodegeneration [ 34 ]. Thus, higher postoperative serum biomarkers like S100β or IL-6 could represent a mirror of the inflammatory processes in the CNS during delirium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Biomarkers of a Pro-Neuroinflammatory State May Define the Pre-Operative Risk for Postoperative Delirium in Spine Surgery

Ruhnau,

Müller,

Nowak

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Advances in spine surgery enable technically safe interventions in older patients with disabling spine disease, yet postoperative delirium (POD) poses a serious risk for postoperative recovery. This study investigates biomarkers of pro-neuroinflammatory states that may help objectively define the pre-operative risk for POD. This study enrolled patients aged ≥60 scheduled for elective spine surgery under general anesthesia. Biomarkers for a pro-neuroinflammatory state included S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Gasdermin D, and the soluble ectodomain of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2). Postoperative changes of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed as markers of systemic inflammation preoperatively, intraoperatively, and early postoperatively (up to 48 h). Patients with POD (n = 19, 75.7 ± 5.8 years) had higher pre-operative levels of sTREM2 (128.2 ± 69.4 pg/mL vs. 97.2 ± 52.0 pg/mL, p = 0.049) and Gasdermin D (2.9 ± 1.6 pg/mL vs. 2.1 ± 1.4 pg/mL, p = 0.29) than those without POD (n = 25, 75.6 ± 5.1 years). STREM2 was additionally a predictor for POD (OR = 1.01/(pg/mL) [1.00–1.03], p = 0.05), moderated by IL-6 (Wald-χ2 = 4.06, p = 0.04). Patients with POD additionally showed a significant increase in IL-6, IL-1β, and S100β levels on the first postoperative day. This study identified higher levels of sTREM2 and Gasdermin D as potential markers of a pro-neuroinflammatory state that predisposes to the development of POD. Future studies should confirm these results in a larger cohort and determine their potential as an objective biomarker to inform delirium prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Biomarkers of a Pro-Neuroinflammatory State May Define the Pre-Operative Risk for Postoperative Delirium in Spine Surgery

Ruhnau,

Müller,

Nowak

et al. 2023

IJMS

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show abstract

“…S100B is widely used in neurological disorders as a biomarker of blood–brain barrier leakage in mild traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, and spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage [ 121 , 122 ]. Although there are numerous studies on BBB permeability in psychiatric conditions [ 123 , 124 ], S100B levels are only indirect measures of BBB dysfunctions, and, concerning the peripheral expression of S100B protein, its disturbances could not be directly connected to BBB dysfunctions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral S100B Protein Levels in Five Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review

Kozlowski,

Bargiel,

Grabarczyk

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Five major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, show a shared genetic background and probably share common pathobiological mechanisms. S100B is a calcium-binding protein widely studied in psychiatric disorders as a potential biomarker. Our systematic review aimed to compare studies on peripheral S100B levels in five major psychiatric disorders with shared genetic backgrounds to reveal whether S100B alterations are disease-specific. EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for relevant studies published until the end of July 2023. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, 1215 publications were identified, of which 111 full-text articles were included in the systematic review. Study designs are very heterogeneous, performed mostly on small groups of participants at different stages of the disease (first-episode or chronic, drug-free or medicated, in the exacerbation of symptoms or in remission), and various clinical variables are analyzed. Published results are inconsistent; most reported elevated S100B levels across disorders included in the review. Alterations in S100B peripheral levels do not seem to be disease-specific.

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“…Approximately 69 million people worldwide experience a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) each year. 4 Whilst in many cases, people recover well, others can experience chronic, disabling impacts that affect their daily functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased T2 Relaxometry in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Individualised Marker of Acute Neuroinflammation?

Bedggood,

Essex,

Theadom

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), often called concussion, is a prevalent condition that can have significant implications for people’s health, functioning and well-being. Current clinical practice relies on self-reported symptoms to inform return to sport, work or school decisions, which can be highly problematic. An objective technique to detect the impact of mTBI on the brain is needed. MRI-based T2 relaxation is a quantitative imaging technique that is susceptible to detecting fluid properties in the brain and is a promising marker for detecting subtle neuroinflammation. This study aimed to investigate the potential of T2 relaxometry MRI in assessing mTBI at the individual level.The current study included 20 male participants with acute sports-related mTBI (within 14 days post-injury) and 44 healthy controls. We statistically compared each mTBI participant’s voxel-wise T2 relaxometry map with the average of controls using a voxel-wise z-test with false discovery rate correction. In addition, five participants were re-scanned after clinical recovery, and their acute scans were compared to their recovery scans.Results revealed significantly increased T2 relaxation times in 19/20 (95%) of mTBI individuals, compared to controls, in multiple regions, including the hippocampus, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, insula, cingulate cortex and cerebellum. This suggests the presence of increased cerebral fluid in individuals with mTBI. Longitudinal results indicated a partial reduction in T2 relaxation for all five participants, suggesting a resolution over time.This research highlights the potential of T2 relaxometry MRI as a non-invasive method for assessing neuroinflammation in mTBI. Identifying and monitoring neuroinflammation could aid in predicting recovery and developing individualised treatment plans for individuals with mTBI. Future research would benefit from repeating all MRI scans at recovery to evaluate whether T2-relaxometry normalises or persists.

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S100B, Actor and Biomarker of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 28 publications

References 143 publications

Serum Biomarkers of a Pro-Neuroinflammatory State May Define the Pre-Operative Risk for Postoperative Delirium in Spine Surgery

Serum Biomarkers of a Pro-Neuroinflammatory State May Define the Pre-Operative Risk for Postoperative Delirium in Spine Surgery

Peripheral S100B Protein Levels in Five Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review

Increased T2 Relaxometry in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Individualised Marker of Acute Neuroinflammation?

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