S100A9-targeted tobacco mosaic virus nanoparticles exhibit high specificity toward atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE^−/− mice

Abstract

TMV-based plant virus nanoparticles targeting S100A9 exhibited high specificity to atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice, which provides a new diagnostic strategy for atherosclerosis with high risk factors.

Viral nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging, immunotherapy, and theranostic applications

“…Our lab has focused on the study and application of TMV for CD imaging applications targeting both atherosclerosis (early stage disease) and thrombosis (late stage disease). For example, TMV was conjugated to both an NIR dye and a peptide targeting S100A9 (aka myeloid-related protein 14) [190]. S100A9 is a molecular marker found in atherosclerotic lesions that are prone to rupture and was identified as one of the most promising potential markers for acute myocardial infarctions [191,192].…”

Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles

“…S100A9 (myeloid-related protein 14), is another biomarker to indicate vulnerable plaques in rupture-prone atherosclerotic lesions for diagnosis of atherosclerosis with high-risk factors 274 . In a similarly practical example, Park et al 275 modified TMV with S100A9-targeting peptides externally and Cy5 molecules internally for imaging and diagnosis of atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− mice models. Both VCAM-1 and S100A9-targeted TMV nano-system exhibited a distinct tropism to the plaque, indicating the tendency to apply TMV-based VNPs for imaging and the possibility to deliver drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.…”

Application of Plant Viruses in Biotechnology, Medicine, and Human Health

“…A near infrared fluorescent (NIR) dye as well as a peptide targeting S100A9 (a myeloid-related protein 14 present in atherosclerotic lesions and a molecular marker for acute myocardial infarctions) were conjugated to TMV These targeted TMV particles were able to identify atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice upon intravenous injection, showing that TMV can be used as a platform to detect at-risk lesions [75] A TMV-MOF (metal-organic framework) hybrid nanoparticle engineered Increased retention of the TMV VNPs observed in mice [93] A Cy5-encapsulated TMV coated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Cy5-TMV@ZIF)…”

“…TMV has been successfully used for imaging, targeting atherosclerosis, and thrombosis [ 75 ]. Cargo mRNA encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was encapsulated within TMV, which when administered into mice, elicited an immune response against GFP.…”