“…Immediate early gene, which alters gene expression in response to external stimuli (Hope et al, 1992;Nestler et al, 1993) Increased by cocaine administration (Hope et al, 1992) Cofilin (Fratelli et al, 2002) Human T lymphocytes Depolymerizes filamentous actin into globular actin (Calabrese et al, 2014) Actin cycling is required for drug-induced neuroplasticity ( Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization, Cytoskeletal reorganization plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, which is integral to drugrelated learning and memory (Luscher, 2013) Cytochrome c oxidase (Fratelli et al, 2002) Human Human erythrocytes Primarily involved in energy metabolism but also forms a complex with glutamatergic AMPA receptors May play a role in glutamatergic signaling and is involved in the stimulant effects of cocaine when nitrosylated Xu et al, 2013) GSTP (Townsend et al, 2009) HEK293 cells Phase II detoxification enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to low pK a protein thiols, i.e., S-glutathionylation (Dalle-Donne et al, 2007) Drug-induced oxidative stress increases Sglutathionylation, which may induce structural and functional changes in proteins involved in the response to drugs of abuse (Womersley & Uys, 2016). GSTP activity has been implicated in the psychomotor effects of cocaine Heat shock protein 60 (Fratelli et al, 2002) Human T lymphocytes Mitochondrial chaperonin involved in protein folding and transport (Zill et al, 2011) HSP60 was reduced in the amygdala of opiate addicts (Zill et al, 2011) Heat shock protein 70 (Mullen et al, 2015) Human monocytic cells Molecular chaperone and protein folding (Mayer & Bukau, 2005) HSP70 in the nucleus accumbens has been implicated in the development of behavioral sensitization to morphine (Qin et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014b) Histone H3 (Garcia-Gimenez et al, 2013) NIH3T3 cells A core subunit of the nucleosome, which is responsible for maintaining chromatin structure (Filipescu et al, 2014) Histone H3 acetylation in the nucleus accumbens shell is associated with cocaine self-administration (Wang et al, 2010) and locomotor activity (Kumar et al, 2005)…”