S.26.01 From sacred plants to psychotherapy: the history and re-emergence of psychedelics in medicine

Sessa, B.

doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(07)70278-x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Psychedelics (from the Greek psyche (mind) and delius (to manifest)) are substances that induce transient states of profoundly altered perception, thought and emotion, and have been used for thousands of years in ceremonial contexts in multiple cultures ( Carod-Artal, 2015 ; Grinspoon and Bakalar, 2018 ; Sessa, 2005 , 2007 ). Their effects are particularly dependent on the context in which they are administered ( Johnson, Richards and Griffiths 2008 ; Nichols and Walter, 2021 ) – when administered in a safe context, a common acute effect is a disruption of ego-boundaries, which results in a blurring of the distinction between self-representation and object-representation, known as ‘ego dissolution’ ( Anderson and Rawnsley, 1954 ; Cohen and Eisner, 1959 ; Denber, 2006 ; Eisner and Cohen, 1958 ; Klee, 1963 ; Lewis and Sloane, 1958 ; Millière, 2017 ; Nour et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified model of ketamine’s dissociative and psychedelic properties

Marguilho¹,

Figueiredo

Castro-Rodrigues

2022

J Psychopharmacol

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Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist which is increasingly being researched and used as a treatment for depression. In low doses, it can cause a transitory modification in consciousness which was classically labelled as ‘dissociation’. However, ketamine is also commonly classified as an atypical psychedelic and it has been recently reported that ego dissolution experiences during ketamine administration are associated with greater antidepressant response. Neuroimaging studies have highlighted several similarities between the effects of ketamine and those of serotonergic psychedelics in the brain; however, no unified account has been proposed for ketamine’s multi-level effects – from molecular to network and psychological levels. Here, we propose that the fast, albeit transient, antidepressant effects observed after ketamine infusions are mainly driven by its acute modulation of reward circuits and sub-acute increase in neuroplasticity, while its dissociative and psychedelic properties are driven by dose- and context-dependent disruption of large-scale functional networks. Computationally, as nodes of the salience network (SN) represent high-level priors about the body (‘minimal’ self) and nodes of the default-mode network (DMN) represent the highest-level priors about narrative self-experience (‘biographical’ self), we propose that transitory SN desegregation and disintegration accounts for ketamine’s ‘ dissociative’ state, while transitory DMN desegregation and disintegration accounts for ketamine’s ‘ psychedelic’ state. In psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, a relaxation of the highest-level beliefs with psychotherapeutic support may allow a revision of pathological self-representation models, for which neuroplasticity plays a permissive role. Our account provides a multi-level rationale for using the psychedelic properties of ketamine to increase its long-term benefits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified model of ketamine’s dissociative and psychedelic properties

Marguilho¹,

Figueiredo

Castro-Rodrigues

2022

J Psychopharmacol

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“…SeeMarlan (2019) at 865; Sessa B "From sacred plants to psychotherapy: The history and reemergence of psychedelics in medicine" (2006) Royal College of Psychiatrists available at https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/members/sigs/spirituality-spsig/ben-sessa-fromsacred-plants-to-psychotherapy.pdf?sfvrsn=d1bd0269_2 (accessed 29 October 2021). 21 See Marlan (2019) at 860-865; see generallySessa (2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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2023

Law democr. Dev.

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This article assesses the right to privacy as a ground for challenging the constitutionality of the criminalisation of psilocybin mushrooms. In doing so, it discusses the right to privacy as found in section 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Constitution). Drawing on Constitutional Court case law, the article argues that the right to privacy is a fundamental right that deserves paramount protection, even in instances where individuals engage in illicit activities 1 I wish to thank Prof. Geo Quinot for his LAW DEMOCRACY & DEVELOPMENT

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S.26.01 From sacred plants to psychotherapy: the history and re-emergence of psychedelics in medicine

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

A unified model of ketamine’s dissociative and psychedelic properties

A unified model of ketamine’s dissociative and psychedelic properties

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