S-100 immunoreactivity identifies a subset of hair cells in the utricle and saccule of a fish

Saidel, William M.; Presson, Joelle C.; Chang, Janet S.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(90)90171-k

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Indeed, although studies in the 1980s hinted at the possibility of there being several types of hair cell in ¢shes, this was never explored in any depth and the variation was never considered as having functional signi¢cance (see Popper & Fay 1999 (a) Hair cell heterogeneity A number of studies have shown di¡erences in the responses of sensory hair cells in discrete locations in the utricle of the cichlid Astronotus ocellatus (the oscar) to treatment with the ototoxic drug gentamicin sulphate (Yan et al 1991) and to the calcium-binding antibody S-100 (Saidel et al 1990). For example, the cells found in the region of the utricular epithelium called the striola were damaged by gentamicin, whereas cells in other, extrastriola regions were not damaged.…”

Section: Sensory Cells Of the Earmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cell heterogeneity and ultrasonic hearing: recent advances in understanding fish hearing

Popper

2000

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The past decade has seen a wealth of new data on the auditory capabilities and mechanisms of ¢shes. We now have a signi¢cantly better appreciation of the structure and function of the auditory system in ¢shes with regard to their peripheral and central anatomy, physiology, behaviour, sound source localization and hearing capabilities. This paper deals with two of the newest of these ¢ndings, hair cell heterogeneity and the detection of ultrasound. As a result of this recent work, we now know that ¢shes have several di¡erent types of sensory hair cells in both the ear and lateral line and there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that these hair cell types arose very early in the evolution of the octavolateralis system. There is also some evidence to suggest that the di¡erences in the hair cell types have functional implications for the way the ear and lateral line of ¢shes detect and process stimuli. Behavioural studies have shown that, whereas most ¢shes can only detect sound to 1^3 kHz, several species of the genus Alosa (Clupeiformes, i.e. herrings and their relatives) can detect sounds up to 180 kHz (or even higher). It is suggested that this capability evolved so that these ¢shes can detect one of their major predators, echolocating dolphins. The mechanism for ultrasound detection remains obscure, though it is hypothesized that the highly derived utricle of the inner ear in these species is involved.

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Section: Sensory Cells Of the Earmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cell heterogeneity and ultrasonic hearing: recent advances in understanding fish hearing

Popper

2000

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Thus, proteins that bind calcium play an important role in many biochemical regulatory processes. In the sensory and nerve cells of the inner ear, several of these functions exist and a number of calcium-binding proteins have been identified: CaBP 28K [35,36], paral bumin [37], S-100 [38,39], synaptophysin [40,41] and calretinin [42,43]. The subcellular localization of these calcium-binding proteins in the inner ear is mainly cyto solic, except for SY (protein 38) which is an intrinsic transmembrane protein of small synaptic vesicles [44,45], The inununostaining patterns for SY and S-100 dif fered in our material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Spiral Ganglion

Anniko

Arnold²,

Stigbrand³

et al. 1995

ORL

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The adult normal human spiral ganglion (SG) was analyzed with regard to ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry. The cytoskeleton of the SG cells was found to comprise F-actin, intermediate filaments (IFs) and microtubules (MTs). The IF subgroups (cytokeratins, Cks; neurofilaments, NFs, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic proteins, GFAP; desmin) displayed characteristic staining patterns. Ck No. 8 was found in all SG cells, whereas vimentin was lacking. GFAP stained only a small subpopulation of SG cells (type 2?). The light (68 kD) and medium-sized chains of NFs occurred in all SG cells and axons, whereas the 200-kD NF subunit was only found in the axonal hillock of (type 2?) SG cells, but in no other part of the cytoplasm, and regionally in nerve fibres. MAP-1 and MAP-2 occurred in all SG cells but only MAP-1 was found in the nerve fibres. The calcium-binding protein synaptophysin (SY) was expressed only in SG cells, in contrast to the S-100 which occurred more generally in the labyrinth. The neuropeptides VIP and substance P were identified in all SG cells, in contrast to NPY which was expressed in a small sub-population of SG cell (type 2?). Staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) identified most (type 1?) but not all SG cells. The cell surface glycoprotein Thy-1 was expressed in SG cells in a way similar to that described for neurons in the CNS. The SG cells express a high degree of cytoskeletal complexity, allowing one to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 cells. The cell bodies and their adjacent nerve fibres show characteristic features of calcium-binding proteins, surface membrane glycoproteins, NSE and neuropeptides but the basic pattern is still similar to neurons in the CNS.

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“…Hair cells also display immunoreactivity to conventional parvalbumin (Kerschbaum and Hermann 1993) and the related protein oncomodulin (Henzl et al 1997;Sakaguchi et al 1998). Found more commonly in supporting cells, S-100 is expressed by some hair cells as well (Saidel et al 1990). Although calmodulin has been localized to hair cells (Shepherd et al 1989), this protein serves less as a buffer than as a Ca 2+ detector for effector molecules with which it interacts (Walker and Hudspeth 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvalbumin 3 is an Abundant Ca2+ Buffer in Hair Cells

Heller

Bell

Denis

et al. 2002

JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngolog

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Ca2+ signaling serves distinct purposes in different parts of a hair cell. The Ca 2+ concentration in stereocilia regulates adaptation and, through rapid transduction-channel reclosure, underlies ampli®ca-tion of mechanical signals. In presynaptic active zones, Ca 2+ mediates the exocytotic release of afferent neurotransmitter. At efferent synapses, Ca 2+ activates the K + channels that dominate the inhibitory postsynaptic potential. A copious supply of diffusible protein buffer isolates the three signals by restricting the spread of free Ca 2+ and limiting the duration of its action. Using cDNA subtraction and a gene expression assay based on in situ hybridization, we detected abundant expression of mRNAs encoding the Ca 2+ buffer parvalbumin 3 in bullfrog saccular and chicken cochlear hair cells. We cloned cDNAs encoding this protein from the corresponding inner-ear libraries and raised antisera against recombinant bullfrog parvalbumin 3. Immunohistochemical labeling indicated that parvalbumin 3 is a prominent Ca 2+ -binding protein in the compact, cylindrical hair cells of the bullfrog's sacculus, and occurs as well in the narrow, peanut-shaped hair cells of that organ. Using quantitative Western blot analysis, we ascertained that the concentration of parvalbumin 3 in saccular hair cells is approximately 3 mM. Parvalbumin 3 is therefore a signi®cant mobile Ca 2+ buffer, and perhaps the dominant buffer, in many types of hair cell. Moreover, parvalbumin 3 provides an early marker for developing hair cells in the frog, chicken, and zebra®sh.

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S-100 immunoreactivity identifies a subset of hair cells in the utricle and saccule of a fish

Cited by 48 publications

References 20 publications

Hair cell heterogeneity and ultrasonic hearing: recent advances in understanding fish hearing

Hair cell heterogeneity and ultrasonic hearing: recent advances in understanding fish hearing

The Human Spiral Ganglion

Parvalbumin 3 is an Abundant Ca2+ Buffer in Hair Cells

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