Rye Flour and Cellulose Reinforced Starch Biocomposite: A Green Approach to Improve Water Vapor Permeability and Mechanical Properties

Abstract

Research on starch-based biopolymers has increased because of their potential as environmentally friendly biodegradable substitutes to typical plastics. This study investigates the effect of rye flour as a main reinforcement agent as well as cellulose and citric acid in biocomposite starches on improving their water vapor permeability (WPF) and mechanical properties. The optimum point of the starch biocomposites obtained by Design of Experiments software 7.1.5 is run with 10% cellulose,and 10% rye flour with a WPF value equal to 8.7E-10 g s −1 m −1 Pa −1 , water uptake (WU) of 3.42%, and good mechanical properties. Validation of the optimum point does not show significant difference between the predicted and the actual values. There is some strong hydrogen and physical bonding in the optimized starch biocomposite that changes the intensity of the absorption bands and improves the mechanical properties.

Effects of Poloxamer Content and Storage Time of Biodegradable Starch-Chitosan Films on Its Thermal, Structural, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties

“…However, biodegradable packaging based on starch and other biopolymers, such as chitosan or gelatin, are susceptible to hydration and thus do not resist high relative humidity conditions, direct contact with liquid water, or foods with high moisture content [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, through previous research, mixtures of starch with other biopolymers have been developed with better barrier properties against moisture [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Cellulose‐Reinforced Starch Biocomposite: Optimization of the Effects of Filler and Various Plasticizers using Design–Expert Method

“…7), while others reported WVP of 2.35E-007 g s −1 m −1 Pa −1 for starch film containing 15% carboxy methyl cellulose. [6] Another research of us [16] showed 10% cellulose in starch biocomposite containing rye flour was optimum point for low WVP.…”

“…The optimization point of cellulose and glycerol and sorbitol contents for starch sheet with the best characterization was obtained using Design-Expert 7.1.5 software by D-Optimal procedure. In this way, three independent variables including cellulose (0-20%), glycerol (10-20%), and sorbitol (10-20%) were applied based on the previous experiment [16] and similar research. Mean differences between predicted and actual value of optimum point for validation were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test.…”

“…Fouriertransform infrared (FT-IR) spectra result of this biocomposite showed some strong hydrogen bonding and field emission-SEM (FE-SEM) reflected a homogenous structure. [16] Several studies have reported the use of cellulose in starch biopolymer. [4][5][6]15,16] In this study, starch biocomposite containing cellulose as filler and different combination of glycerol/sorbitol as plasticizers were produced by two-step extrusion method and the barrier, mechanical, and functional properties were investigated.…”

“…[16] Several studies have reported the use of cellulose in starch biopolymer. [4][5][6]15,16] In this study, starch biocomposite containing cellulose as filler and different combination of glycerol/sorbitol as plasticizers were produced by two-step extrusion method and the barrier, mechanical, and functional properties were investigated. Another novel aspect of this research was using a new statistical method of Design-Expert for optimization.…”