Rye doubled haploids as a research and breeding tool – a practical point of view

Abstract

Doubled haploid (DH) plants were produced using anther culture from out-crossing rye, including breedersÕ lines, cultivars and F 1 plants with DH parents, to examine the feasibility of using the DH technique for breeding and specifically for developing mapping populations. Only 10-36% of green regenerants produced via anther culture were suitable for research or breeding purposes because of low survival rate or low fertility. Spontaneously arising DH regenerants were more often fertile compared with the colchicine-treated ones. The fertility of spontaneous DHs varied from sterile to half that found in a normal rye population, which has implications for the design of a crossing scheme and subsequent anther culture. In the reciprocal crosses within one DH population, fertility was the lowest observed, probably because of selfincompatibility factors, whereas in the DH crosses with normal heterozygous cultivars fertility was the highest. Two mapping populations using DHs were established, the first for out-crossing rye it would seem. These populations will be used for mapping two important traits, the semi-dwarf growth habit and preharvest sprouting resistance in rye.

The origin of clones among androgenic regenerants of hexaploid triticale

“…The list of species in which androgenesis is already actively used or is at the stage of testing, is long and growing (Maluszynski et al 2003;Dunwell 2010). The main tenet of androgenesis is that each derived line is unique because each one (Zwierzykowski et al 1999;Tenhola-Roininen et al 2006;Czembor et al 2007;Głowacka et al 2012) and at times their presence may jeopardize the goals, such as when a population used for phenotyping is eventually found out to contain too few unique genotypes for an acceptable resolution level. The presence of clones among androgenic regenerants can only be demonstrated with the aid of markers, and larger numbers of markers provide higher confidence in analyses.…”

“…Such incidents are not widely publicized, which only makes the situation more serious as proportions of clones in populations of DH may in fact be much larger than published data suggest. Tenhola-Roininen et al (2006) had to reject 32 % of a DH mapping population in rye because of their clonal nature. Genotyping with DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology) markers among several populations of DH lines of hexaploid triticale created for QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) mapping revealed up to 60 % of clones in one population, with the largest clone numbering 11 presumed DH lines (Oleszczuk et al unpublished).…”

Tagging the dwarfing gene Ddw1 in a rye population derived from doubled haploid parents

“…Voima and the Russian short mutant EM-1 with the dominant dwarfing gene Ddw1 (Kobyliansky 1972) using anther culture (Tenhola-Roininen et al 2006). The plants were grown as previously described (Tenhola-Roininen et al 2005).…”

Inheritance patterns of the response to in vitro doubled haploid induction in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

“…Perennial ryegrass DHs perform similar to those produced in rye, another obligate outcrossing member of the grass family in which AC is being studied. One investigation, performed on fewer genotypes than used here, found that only 10-36% of rye DHs were suitable for research or breeding purposes due to low vigour, fertility, survival and abnormal growth (Tenhola-Roininen et al 2006). On the other hand, the maintenance and multiplication of DHs of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)…”