Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electrometry: hyperfine effects

Ripka, Fabian; Lui, Chang; Schmidt, Matthias; Kübler, Harald; Shaffer, James P.

doi:10.1117/12.2616797

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several methods have been developed to push the lower limit of EIT-AT splitting measurement for MW electric fields. These include the cold atom method, [27,28] MW frequency detuning, [29] auxiliary MW field, [30,31] three-photon excitation [32] and amplitude modulation (AM) dispersion. [33] Laser-cooled cold atoms, with their lower temperatures and reduced dephasing rates, significantly narrow the Rydberg EIT linewidth, enhancing precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[35] Fabian Ripka et al achieved a 500 kHz EIT linewidth in cesium atomic vapor cells with collinear three-photon excitation, advancing the EIT-AT split linear region's lower limit by one order of magnitude. [32] Nikunjkumar Prajapati et al compared two-photon and three-photon excitation, noting that narrow line features do not directly correspond to the best sensitivity. [37] Meyer et al explored AM in microwave communication, and elucidated the characteristic of zero crossings and the maximum values of the dispersive curve AM MW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

Hao 郝,

Jia 贾,

Cui 崔

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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We have theoretically and experimentally studied the dispersive signal of the Rydberg atomic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) - Autler-Townes (AT) splitting spectra obtained using amplitude modulation of the microwave (MW) electric field. In addition to the two zero-crossing points interval $\Delta f_{\text{zeros}}$, the dispersion signal has two positive maxima with an interval defined as the shoulder interval $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$, which is theoretically expected to be used to measure a much weaker MW electric field. The relationship of MW field strength $E_{\text{MW}}$ and $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ are experimentally studied at the MW frequencies of 31.6 GHz and 9.2 GHz respectively. The results show that $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ can be used to character the much weaker $E_{\text{MW}}$ than that of $\Delta f_{\text{zeros}}$ and the traditional EIT-AT splitting interval $\Delta f_{\text{m}}$, the minimum $E_{\text{MW}}$ measured by $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ is about 30 times smaller than that by $\Delta f_{\text{m}}$. As an example, the minimum $E_{\text{MW}}$ at 9.2 GHz that can be characterized by $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ is 0.056 mV/cm, which is the minimum value characterized by frequency interval using vapour cell without adding any auxiliary fields. The proposed method can improve the weak limit and sensitivity of $E_{\text{MW}}$ measured by spectral frequency interval, which is important in the direct measurement of weak $E_{\text{MW}}$.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

Hao 郝,

Jia 贾,

Cui 崔

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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“…However, these methods strongly depend on the probe laser (T p ) transmittance variance, which is related to light field intensities and atomic gas temperature and density. An alternative solution is to use a three-photon scheme to eliminate the Doppler effect [19,20]. However, additional light fields result in an increasingly complex spectral behavior, causing difficulties in spectral analysis and theoretical calculations [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative solution is to use a three-photon scheme to eliminate the Doppler effect [19,20]. However, additional light fields result in an increasingly complex spectral behavior, causing difficulties in spectral analysis and theoretical calculations [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the spectral resolution and measurement range of quantum microwave electrometry by cold Rydberg atoms

fei¹,

Jia²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We theoretically and experimentally studied quantum microwave electrometry in a cold atomic system using Rydberg electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) and Autler--Townes splitting ( EIT-AT splitting). In cold atoms, a spectral linewidth of ~ 500 kHz for EIT was achieved owing to a significant reduction in residual Doppler width, i.e., by at least an order of magnitude, compared to that in vapor cells at room temperature. Therefore, the minimum microwave electric field intensity EMW that can be measured is 430 μV/cm, which is one order higher sensitivity in the EIT-AT regime than that in vapor cells at room temperature. Unlike microwave electrometry in atomic vapor cells, EIT-AT splitting cannot be observed if EMW is so large that the EIT-AT splitting interval Δ fm exceeds the absorption peak width of the cold atom while scanning the frequency of the probe laser (ωp). Moreover, EIT-AT splitting can be observed if Δ fm exceeds the natural linewidth Γeg of the intermediate states while scanning the coupling laser (ωc) and maintains a high spectral resolution with a high signal-to-noise ratio. While scanning ωc, the upper microwave electric field intensity is limited by the scanning range of our setup. Using our system, we measure the maximum field to be 21.6 mV/cm, nearly three times higher than that of 6.8 mV/cm while scanning ωp. The results indicate that the linear range of EMW measured using EIT-AT splitting considerably improves in cold Rydberg atoms.

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“…Furthermore, their couplings with states of different parities are useful in understanding dipole-dipole interactions [9,10] and employing quantum electrometry of resonant rf waves via Autler-Townes splitting, observable through electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) spectroscopy [11,12]. Hyperfine interactions of the nuclear magnetic moment and electric quadrupole moment with the angular momentum of the valence electron typically are not observable in nP j Rydberg states through laser-based spectroscopic methods due to limitations in frequency resolution (energy splittings are on the order of kHz), although hyperfine effects have been experimentally presented in Cs [13]. Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of Rydberg molecular states involving nP j atoms could provide insights in the role of hyperfine coupling on the adiabatic potentials of the molecules, for the spectroscopic measurement is, in principle, only limited by the Rydberg-state lifetime and the rf-field interaction time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperfine structure of nP1/2 Rydberg states in Rb85

Cardman

Raithel

2022

Phys. Rev. A

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We measure the hyperfine structure of nP 1/2 Rydberg states for n = 42, 43, 44 and 46 using mm-wave spectroscopy on an ensemble of laser-cooled 85 Rb atoms. Systematic uncertainties in our measurement from the Zeeman splittings induced by stray magnetic fields and dipole-dipole interactions between two Rydberg atoms are factored in with the obtained statistical uncertainty. Our final measurement of the nP 1/2 hyperfine coupling constant is A hfs = 1.443(31) GHz. This measurement is useful for studies of long-range Rydberg molecules, Rydberg electrometry, and quantum simulation with dipole-dipole interactions involving nP 1/2 atoms.

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Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electrometry: hyperfine effects

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

Improving the spectral resolution and measurement range of quantum microwave electrometry by cold Rydberg atoms

Hyperfine structure of nP1/2 Rydberg states in Rb85

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