Ruthenium Nanoparticle-Immobilized Porous Carbon Nanofibers for Nonenzymatic Dopamine Sensing

Abstract

Dopamine (DA) is a type of neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the functions of the central nervous system, as well as renal, hormonal, and cardiovascular systems. In particular, abnormal changes in dopamine concentrations could cause serious diseases such as sleeping and eating disorders, Parkinson’s disease, and addictive behaviors associated with drug abuse. However, it is difficult to detect the change in concentration level in a reliable manner when it is present in extremely small levels. In this study, we suggested a ruthenium nanoparticle-immobilized multiscale pore-containing carbon nanofiber (Ru-MPCNF)-based field-effect transistor (FET) nonenzymatic sensor to detect DA. Ru-MPCNF was generated as an active material to target analyte using single-nozzle co-electrospinning and an oxygen plasma method to obtain a uniformly immobilized Ru component in the carbon structure. The porous carbon structure not only promotes the generation of small-size Ru particles but also induces a large active surface area for dopamine. The nonenzymatic sensor electrode showed high sensitivity to DA as low as 1 fM, even in the presence of interfering biomolecules. Moreover, the sensor electrode also displayed stable sensing performance with long lifetimes due to the nonbiological working mechanism.

Three-dimensional carbon interdigitated ring array nanofibers for electrochemical detection of dopamine neurotransmitter

“…Table 3 displays the anodic peak current (i pa ) 3, when compared to 3D C-IDRA, the results of shorter peak-to-peak (∆E p ) value recorded for 3D C-IDRA NF have proven that deposition of porous CNFs does improve the redox cycling process. Our research results regarding CNFs align with the findings of Kim and Lee [26] who similarly reported that the porous carbon structure leads to a significant augmentation in the active surface area for DA. Analyzing the ∆E p value of 3D C-IDRA NF, it produces a small value and does improve significantly the electron kinetic transfer of DA, compared to 3D C-IDRA.…”

“…Besides, enzymatic-assay-based methods are not only costeffective but also have high sensitivity for DA [23,24]. Taking advantage of carbon nanofiber (CNF) [25], Kim and Lee introduced a ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticle-immobilized multiscale pore-containing carbon nanofiber-based field-effect transistor as a nonenzymatic sensor to detect DA [26]. Even in the presence of interfering biomolecules, the nonenzymatic sensor electrode recorded high sensitivity of DA concentrations as low as 1 fM.…”

Review of the Design of Ruthenium-Based Nanomaterials and Their Sensing Applications in Electrochemistry

“…A linear range of the sensor was ∼0.01–100 μM with a great sensitivity of 482.43 μA mM –1 cm –2 . Similarly, Kim et al employed Ru-MPCNF as a nonenzymatic sensor to detect DA and found that it had a high sensitivity of about 1.0 fM, even when interfering biomolecules were present. Due to the nonbiological operating mechanism, the manufactured sensor electrode also demonstrated a robust sensing capability with long lives.…”

Heterostructured ZnCdS@ZIF-67 as a Photocatalyst for Fluorescent Dye Degradation and Selectively Nonenzymatic Sensing of Dopamine

“…It plays an important role in the central nervous system, kidneys, cardiovascular system, and endocrine system [ 1 ]. DA levels can affect heart rate, leading to heart failure and Parkinson’s disease [ 2 ]. Therefore, in situ measurement of DA content can be obtained using biosensors.…”

“…Among them, electrochemical monitoring of DA is an excellent strategy [ 3 ]. Lee et al [ 2 ] designed a ruthenium nanoparticle-immobilized multiscale pore-containing carbon nanofiber-based field-effect transistor nonenzymatic sensor to detect DA. They found that the porous carbon structure not only promoted the generation of small-size Ru particles, but also induced a large active surface area for DA.…”