Ruthenium dioxide-based film electrodes

Lodi, G.; Sivieri, E.; Battisti, Achille De; Trasatti, S.

doi:10.1007/bf00617671

Cited by 290 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It has been shown that the composition of the oxide film is closely dependent on the preparation temperature. [62][63][64] On one hand, the temperature should be sufficiently high to allow the decomposition of the metal salt to the corresponding metal oxide, thereby minimising chloride/nitrate impurities. Trasatti and coworkers 64 have shown that the level of chloride impurities in RuO 2 films formed from RuCl 3 decreases with increasing temperature in the range 300-800 1C.…”

Section: The Materials: Transition Metal Oxide Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the electrocatalytic activity of thermally prepared oxides, such as RuO 2 and Co 3 O 4 , tends to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. 69 Trasatti and coworkers 64 noted that the activity of pure RuO 2 films, as expressed by the redox charge Q* which can be used as a measure of the surface concentration of active sites (Section 3.1), decreased as the temperature increased over the temperature range 300-800 1C. On the other hand, the activity of a series of Co 3 O 4 films decreased over the range 300-450 1C.…”

Section: The Materials: Transition Metal Oxide Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the former authors observed distinct differences in the Tafel slope depending on the level of 'compactness' of the surface oxide. 64,74 The 'compact' or low defect films exhibited a Tafel slope of ca. 40 mV dec À1 and this was observed to increase with increasing 'compactness'.…”

Section: The Materials: Transition Metal Oxide Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Redox and electrochemical water splitting catalytic properties of hydrated metal oxide modified electrodes

Doyle

Godwin

Brandon

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

507

551

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This paper presents a review of the redox and electrocatalytic properties of transition metal oxide electrodes, paying particular attention to the oxygen evolution reaction. Metal oxide materials may be prepared using a variety of methods, resulting in a diverse range of redox and electrocatalytic properties. Here we describe the most common synthetic routes and the important factors relevant to their preparation. The redox and electrocatalytic properties of the resulting oxide layers are ascribed to the presence of extended networks of hydrated surface bound oxymetal complexes termed surfaquo groups. This interpretation presents a possible unifying concept in water oxidation catalysis -bridging the fields of heterogeneous electrocatalysis and homogeneous molecular catalysis. In contextOver the past 50 years considerable research efforts have been devoted to the realisation of efficient, economical and renewable energy sources. Metal oxide materials have played a large part in this drive with demonstrated applications at both the research and commercial level. Their use in areas such as batteries, fuel cells and water electrolysis has resulted in the development of materials with a diverse range of structural and chemical properties. In all cases, understanding the fundamental electrochemistry of the material can be invaluable for rational design and optimisation. This review focuses on the redox, charge transport and electrocatalytic properties of transition metal oxide electrodes as they pertain to the electrolytic splitting of water. Particular emphasis is placed on the nature of the active surface which is interpreted in terms of hydrated interlinked oxymetal complexes termed surfaquo groups. In this way, the review seeks to bridge the gap between heterogeneous electrocatalysis and homogeneous molecular catalysis for water oxidation, areas of considerable modern interest and activity.

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Section: The Materials: Transition Metal Oxide Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Materials: Transition Metal Oxide Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Redox and electrochemical water splitting catalytic properties of hydrated metal oxide modified electrodes

Doyle

Godwin

Brandon

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

507

551

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“…A thick film of ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ) fabricated on the substrate as a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) in water electrolyzers exhibited high electrocatalytic activity, depending on adsorption of chemical species, concentration of intermediates, and morphology. [82][83][84] However, it was pointed out that the formation of ruthenium tetroxide (RuO 4 ) by further oxidation of rutile RuO 2 during anodic processes increases kinetic losses at the anode significantly. In contrast, iridium oxide (IrO 2 ) films were very stable even at potentials close to 2 V, despite showing higher overpotential for OER than RuO 2 films.…”

Section: ) (24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis

Santos¹,

Sequeira²,

Figueiredo³

2013

Quím. Nova

347

218

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Recebido em 13/12/12; aceito em 28/5/13; publicado na web em 17/7/13Water electrolysis is one of the simplest methods used for hydrogen production. It has the advantage of being able to produce hydrogen using only renewable energy. To expand the use of water electrolysis, it is mandatory to reduce energy consumption, cost, and maintenance of current electrolyzers, and, on the other hand, to increase their efficiency, durability, and safety. In this study, modern technologies for hydrogen production by water electrolysis have been investigated. In this article, the electrochemical fundamentals of alkaline water electrolysis are explained and the main process constraints (e.g., electrical, reaction, and transport) are analyzed. The historical background of water electrolysis is described, different technologies are compared, and main research needs for the development of water electrolysis technologies are discussed.

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“…RuO 2 is an extensively studied material with a high activity in acidic electrolyte. [16,[43][44][45] However, the stability of RuO 2 is limited at high overpotentials. MnO x has been proposed as a more abundant and inexpensive alternative to RuO 2 ; [46][47][48][49] not only is it active for the OER, but also for the ORR, opening up possibilities for its use in regenerative fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking the Stability of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: The Importance of Monitoring Mass Losses

et al. 2014

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Because of the rising need for energy storage, potentially facilitated by electrolyzers, improvements to the catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) become increasingly relevant. Standardized protocols have been developed for determining critical figures of merit, such as the electrochemical surface area, mass activity and specific activity. Even so, when new and more active catalysts are reported, the catalyst stability tends to play a minor role. In this work, we monitor corrosion on RuO2 and MnOx by combining the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). We show that a meaningful estimation of the stability cannot be achieved based on purely electrochemical tests. On the catalysts tested, the anodic dissolution current was four orders of magnitude lower than the total current. We propose that even if long‐term testing cannot be replaced, a useful evaluation of the stability can be achieved with short‐term tests by using EQCM or ICP–MS.

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Ruthenium dioxide-based film electrodes

Cited by 290 publications

References 18 publications

Redox and electrochemical water splitting catalytic properties of hydrated metal oxide modified electrodes

Redox and electrochemical water splitting catalytic properties of hydrated metal oxide modified electrodes

Hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis

Benchmarking the Stability of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: The Importance of Monitoring Mass Losses

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