Ruthenium‐based complex dyes for dye‐sensitized solar cells

Abstract

Dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSC) has been a promising new‐generation photovoltaic technique. Sensitizer is one of the most important parameters that determine the photovoltaic performance of a DSC. This review article shows the step‐by‐step procedure of how to design high photovoltaic performance ruthenium‐based complex dyes for DSC. The strategy includes the extension of the conjugated length of the anchoring and ancillary ligands as well as using multidentated ligand and strong sigma donor to red‐shift to λmax of the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer band and increase molar absorption coefficient, fine‐tune the functionality of the ligand to enhance dye regeneration, and using non‐mono‐dentated ligand to improve the dye stability. The review focuses on basic chemistry rather than the photovoltaic performance comparison between the ruthenium dyes introduced in this article.

Large‐Area Perovskite Film Prepared by New FFASE Method for Stable Solar Modules Having High Efficiency under Both Outdoor and Indoor Light Harvesting

“…In searching for more suitable anti-solvents, 2bromothiophene was chosen due to several reasons: 1) Thiophene and its derivatives were well known as the units of semiconducting conjugated polymers, which consist of four 𝜋 electrons from carbon atoms and two lone electron pairs from sulfur atom, enabling the electron-rich conjugated 𝜋 system [39] with stable/reproducible redox reaction; [40] 2) they are also usually used as sufficient hole extraction materials with the advantage of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and good hole mobility as well as hydrophobic nature to avoid attacking by water; [41][42][43][44] 3) the sulfur atom in thiophene may be able to passivate the perovskite defects by forming the bonding with the under-coordinated Pb 2+ in surface or at grain boundary; [45] 4) bromine atom can also coordinate to the coordination unsaturated Pb 2+ on the surface and the thiophene unit has better (than perovskite) compatibility to C 60 (an ETL) via 𝜋-𝜋 interaction; 5) the miscibility between 2-bromothiophene and 2P is better than that between ethyl ether and 2P, therefore 2-bromothiophene can extract 2P from the perovskite precursor film quickly (as illustrated in Figure 3c); 6) the interaction between 2-bromothiophene and perovskite precursor solution is stronger and 2-bromothiophene has a higher viscosity, then moving (or leaving the perovskite film) more slowly (which suitable for growing bigger perovskite grains) compared to ethyl ether. In these aspects, 2-bromothiophene can also act as a passivation agent as well as an anti-solvent.…”

Hydrogen peroxide assisted synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles from teak leaves for dye-sensitized solar cells

“…34 In DSSCs, FCNs act as sensitizers, enhancing light absorption in the visible region and thereby improving overall solar cell efficiency. 34 Nevertheless, organic dyes, particularly ruthenium (Ru) dyes, 35,36 and D-p-A structured porphyrin dyes, 34,[37][38][39] have also been used as photosensitizers in DSSCs. Generally, organic-based sensitizers have demonstrated superior performance compared to FCNs.…”