Rusty Bolt EMC Specification Based on Nonlinear System Identification

Tromp, Laurens D.; Rudko, M.

doi:10.1109/isemc.1985.7566976

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Once the ship is commissioned, the order of HF generated IMP orders are measured semiannually in accordance with the ship's Planned Maintenance Subsystem (PMS). Hull nonlinear junctions have been found to have nearly symmetrical current-voltage transfer functions (Tromp and Rudko, 1985); therefore, only odd order IMPs are generated. Normally, if an odd order product exists, then all odd orders of a lower order also exist.…”

Section: Lntermodulation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hull‐Generated Intermodulation Interference: An Insidious Electromagnetic Compatibility Foe

Nosek

1997

Naval Engineers Journal

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In the constant battle to maintain the highest degree of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between installed radio frequency transmitters and receivers, the Navy has developed specifications, inspections, and tests to help reduce and quantify the degree of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Where EMI still exists, the Navy has developed certain fixes to correct EMI including filtering and frequency management. In spite of all these valiant efforts, hull‐generated intermodulation interference (IMI), especially at high power, high frequencies (HF), secretly works to undo all of these preventive and corrective efforts. Hull‐generated IMI is perhaps the most insidious form of EMI for it is impossible to eradicate. A ship with nine 1000 watt HF transmitters has the potential to generate 271,656 IMI frequencies. A typical communications suite on a combatant vessel has 1179 potential victim receiver frequencies. This paper introduces a hull‐generated intermodulation product (IMP) prediction computer model, programmed in Microsoftr̀ Excel v5.0. This computer model takes frequency and mode information from a shipboard communications plan and the latest hull‐generated IMP orders measured and predicts IMI victim receiver frequencies and corresponding HF IMI source transmitter frequencies. From this information, a communications plan can be constructed to reduce the adverse effects of hull‐generated IMI.

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Section: Lntermodulation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amplitude of hull-generated IMPs is not easily predicted. Tromp and Rudko (1985) were able to predict aircraft "Rusty Bolt" IMI up to only the fifth order. Generally, the lower the IMP order, the higher is the amplitude of IMI.…”

Section: Amplitude Of Hull-generated Impsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hull‐Generated Intermodulation Interference: An Insidious Electromagnetic Compatibility Foe

Nosek

1997

Naval Engineers Journal

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“…The nonlinear properties of these elements are currently well understood. One of the less common mechanisms for causing harmonic distortion is passive intermodulation (sometimes the name "rusty bolt effect" [1,2] is preferred). Corroded materials on antennas, waveguides, or even structural elements can act like one or more diodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Cylindrical Markers Using Metamaterials

Semenikhina

Gorbatenko

2021

Remote Sensing

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In this paper, the research of nonlinear cylindrical metastructure was obtained. An algorithm for finding the total field of a nonlinearly loaded perfectly conducting cylinder covered with a metamaterial (MM) layer based on Maxwell’s equations with nonlinear boundary conditions on the surface of nonlinear loads (NL) was developed. A software package implementing this algorithm was created. Based on the results of numerical calculations of the program, the scattering diagrams of a metal cylinder with NL, covered with a layer of MM at the fundamental, second, and third harmonics were obtained. The dependences of the harmonics of the scattered field on the parameters of nonlinear loads were also studied. With the help of numerical simulation using Ansys HFSS, the extract procedure of the effective parameters of cylindrical MM was realized. Based on the results of calculation and numerical simulation, a model of a nonlinear cylindrical structure of two radii was made and an experimental study was carried out. As a result of the experiment, the frequency characteristics of the metastructure were obtained at various angles of incidence of the wave. The results of numerical simulation were confirmed by the results of the experiment. It is shown that the use of the provided nonlinear cylindrical marker with metamaterial makes it possible to obtain the levels of the first and second harmonics in a scattered field of the same order. This structure can be used as a nonlinear marker in both military and civilian areas.

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Rusty Bolt EMC Specification Based on Nonlinear System Identification

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Hull‐Generated Intermodulation Interference: An Insidious Electromagnetic Compatibility Foe

Hull‐Generated Intermodulation Interference: An Insidious Electromagnetic Compatibility Foe

Nonlinear Cylindrical Markers Using Metamaterials

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