Russian system of countermeasures on board of the International Space Station (ISS): the first results

Kozlovskaya, I. B.; Grigoriev, Anatoly I.

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.049

Cited by 98 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although our sample size and the muscles studies were limited, these findings deserve further discussion. It is well known that immobilization or disuse cause muscle atrophy, that is to say muscle mass, strength and endurance decrease [28][29][30]. Various training approaches are used in rehabilitation medicine to recover from immobilization or disuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid-Training Method Increases Muscle Strength and Mass in the Forearm without Adverse Effect of Hand Function in Healthy Male Subjects

et al. 2010

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Summary:Conventional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) results in surface muscle contraction but high electrical stimulation intensity is required to activate the deep muscles. Therefore, NMES is not useful for training at complicated sites such as the forearm. To make NMES more effective we developed a hybrid training method (HYB), consisting of electrically stimulated antagonists to resist agonist muscle contractions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of HYB on the forearm as compared with NMES alone, and to determine whether HYB had any adverse effects on complex hand movements. Thirty subjects were randomly distributed into three groups: a HYB program group, an isometric electrical stimulation group (ES), and a control group (CN). Subjects trained 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Each session consisted of 10 sets of 10 reciprocal 2-sec wrist flexions and extensions separated by 1-min rest intervals. Wrist flexion\extension torques, grip strengths (GS), forearm flexor\extensor cross sectional areas (CSA), and hand dexterity (Purdue Pegboard (PEG) test, finger tapping (Tapping) test were measured. The HYB group demonstrated statistically significant increases in wrist extension torques (22.8%, p<0.01), forearm flexor CSA (9.6%, p<0.01), and in forearm extensor CSA (5.1%, p<0.05) at the end of training. There was no increase in torque or CSA in the ES or CN groups. Hand dexterity showed no significant differences in any of the three groups. HYB had no adverse effect on hand function and was more effective in forearm training than NMES alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid-Training Method Increases Muscle Strength and Mass in the Forearm without Adverse Effect of Hand Function in Healthy Male Subjects

et al. 2010

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“…As can be inferred from this table, variation in response exists amongst these studies; this can be likely ascribed to differences in flight duration, the muscle group tested, the method of testing, the type of contraction used, the joint angle at which the measurements were performed, and adherence to the onboard countermeasure program (Kozlovskaya and Grigoriev 2004). The term strength entails quite a broad spectrum of parameters concerning the force output of the muscle-tendon complex.…”

Section: Muscle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disuse of the musculo-skeletal system in space and on earth

2010

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Muscle mass and strength are well known to decline in response to actual and simulated microgravity exposure. However, despite the considerable knowledge gained on the physiological changes induced by spaceflight, the mechanisms of muscle atrophy and the effectiveness of in-flight countermeasures still need to be fully elucidated. The present review examines the effects and mechanisms of actual and simulated microgravity on single fibre and whole muscle structural and functional properties, protein metabolism, tendon mechanical properties, neural drive and reflex excitability. The effects of inflight countermeasures are also discussed in the light of recent advances in resistive loading techniques, in combined physical, pharmacological and nutritional interventions as well as in the development of artificial gravity systems. Emphasis has been given to the pioneering work of Pietro Enrico di Prampero in the development of artificial gravity systems and in the progress of knowledge on the limits of human muscular performance in space.

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“…The training sessions were conducted for 60 min each day for 6 days a week for 14 weeks, and 30−40 min twice a day for 2 weeks under the experiment conditions. The recommended workload and intensities of exercises on treadmill varied from 3100 to 4400 m, performed with an average rate of 117-135 m (Kozlovskaya and Grigoriev 2004). It is known that intensity of loads set up by the subject's level of work load, durations of high intensity intervals and subsequent pauses give a fairly correct notion about working abilities.…”

Section: Exercise Regimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Simulated Microgravity on Mechanical Properties in the Human Triceps Surae Muscle in vivo

Koryak

2015

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Abstract. Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a simulated microgravity on the mechanical properties of the human triceps surae (TS) and to assess the effectiveness of physical training (PT) in preventing detrimental effects. Methods. Eight women (aged 26-36 years) underwent 120-d of Bed rest (BR): four underwent Bed rest only (BR group) and four performed PT during this period (BRPT group). The training sessions were conducted for 60 min each day for 6 days a week for 14 weeks, and 30-40 min twice a day for 2 weeks under the experiment conditions. PT was performed over a 4-d cycle: 3-d of training and 1-d of rest. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and isometric twitch contraction (P t ), and electrically evoked tetanic tension at 150 impulses × s -1 (Р о ), time-to-peak tension (TPT) of the twitch were determined. The difference between Р о and MVC expressed as a percentage of Р о and referred to a force deficiency (Р d ). The MTS was determined according to the electromechanical delay (EMD) value during the explosive voluntary contraction. Surface electrodes sensed electromyographic (EMG) activity in the soleus muscle. Electromechanical delay (EMD) was the time interval between the change in EMG and movement muscle force production. Results. In the BR group, Р t , MVC, and Р о had decreased by 12, 36, 24%, respectively, but Р d had increased by 39%. TPT of the twitch had increased by 14%. The rate of increase of voluntary contractions reduced, but in the electrically evoked contraction no changes were observed. The EMD had increased by 27%. In the BREx group, МVС, Р t , and Р о decreased by 3%, and 14%, and 9%, respectively. TPT had decreased by 4%. The P d had decreased significantly by 10%. The rate of rise increase of electrically evoked tetanic did not change significantly, but the rate of rise in isometric voluntary tension development was increased. The EMD had decreased by 12%. Conclusion. Unloading decreased function and EMD muscle and, although the PT did attenuate these effects, they did not completely prevent them. It is suggested that the total loading volume (mainly its intensity) was not sufficient to completely prevent alterations in tendon mechanical properties

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Russian system of countermeasures on board of the International Space Station (ISS): the first results

Cited by 98 publications

References 2 publications

Hybrid-Training Method Increases Muscle Strength and Mass in the Forearm without Adverse Effect of Hand Function in Healthy Male Subjects

Hybrid-Training Method Increases Muscle Strength and Mass in the Forearm without Adverse Effect of Hand Function in Healthy Male Subjects

Disuse of the musculo-skeletal system in space and on earth

Influence of Simulated Microgravity on Mechanical Properties in the Human Triceps Surae Muscle in vivo

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