Russian language in Kazakhstan

Abstract

The study is devoted to the analysis of the history of the emergence of educational institutions with teaching in Russian on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The history of higher and secondary educational institutions, thanks to which the Russian language was introduced and successfully functions in Kazakhstan, is briefly traced. The first pro-gymnasium was opened in the city of Verny on September 7, 1876. Primary schools were opened in many villages, settlements, auls. After the revolution of 1917, the Autonomous Kirghiz Socialist Soviet Republic was formed, in which the education system began to develop. In 1925 it was renamed the Kazak ASSR. An undesirable homonymy arose in the Russian language: the Turkic people and the ethnographic group (sub-ethnos) of the Russian people were called the same. To avoid it, the Kazakh sound [қ] in the weak position of the end of the word was reflected in Russian as [х]. In 1936, the Russian name of the people and the republic took on the form of the Kazakhs, the Kazakh ASSR. In the Kazakh language, the words Qazakhtar, Qazakhstan continued to be used. In 1928, the Kazakh State University was established, which was transformed into the Kazakh Pedagogical Institute two years later. Then a number of universities appeared in the capital of Alma-Ata. In 1934, the opening of the Kazakh State University took place. In 2007, the President of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev proposed to implement the “Trinity of Languages” project, which provides for the functioning of three languages in the country: Kazakh, Russian and English. The Kazakh language is included in it as the state language, Russian as the language of interethnic communication, and English as the language of integration into the world economy and the world community. At present, the Russian language continues to be used in the communicative space of Kazakhstan, it retains its role as the language of international organizations: the CIS, the SCO, the OCST. The role of the Russian language is preserved in various areas: educational institutions of Kazakhstan, in the scientific environment of Kazakh scientists, in social and political life.