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The post-Soviet republics of Central Asia are becoming the arena of the geopolitical struggle between China and Turkey, which are interested in new logistics routes. Against the background of the growing economic presence of Turkey and China, the role of Russia in the region is also changing. Turkey believes that the countries of Central Asia are an important part of the trade route with China. The development of such supply chains has been discussed before, but now this issue is even more relevant. Interest is also shown in Beijing, but they are increasing transportation on Russian railways. It should be understood that all the countries of Central Asia, and especially Kazakhstan, are pursuing the so-called multi-vector foreign policy, which consists in the fact that Nur-Sultan (Astana) is trying to develop cooperation with Russia, China, the USA, the European Union and Turkey. The development of cooperation between the Central Asian states with these countries is explained by their desire to get the maximum benefi t from all external partners, they consider it pragmatic not to refuse any forms of partnership that they are off ered. Beijing has not yet changed its policy towards the countries of Central Asia and adheres to the previous strategy: emphasis on the economy, non-interference in internal aff airs and the formation of a positive image of the country. At the same time, China is interested in the functioning of existing transport and logistics routes, stable economic development and political stability of the region. Since the early 1900s, Turkey has been trying to play the role of the leader of the Turkic community; it was the fi rst of all countries in the world to recognize the independence of the countries of Central Asia (CA). However, interaction within the framework of the Turkic Council, created by Turkey in 2009, which includes most of the Central Asian countries, takes place largely in a cultural and humanitarian vein. The echo of Western sanctions could not but aff ect the Central Asian countries, since they traditionally have close and intensive economic ties with Russia, including through integration associations (CIS and the EAEU to the CSTO) and fi nancial institutions. Against the backdrop of US and EU pressure on the elites of the Central Asian countries, Eurasian integration with Russia and China does not allow them to succumb to provocations from the West.
The post-Soviet republics of Central Asia are becoming the arena of the geopolitical struggle between China and Turkey, which are interested in new logistics routes. Against the background of the growing economic presence of Turkey and China, the role of Russia in the region is also changing. Turkey believes that the countries of Central Asia are an important part of the trade route with China. The development of such supply chains has been discussed before, but now this issue is even more relevant. Interest is also shown in Beijing, but they are increasing transportation on Russian railways. It should be understood that all the countries of Central Asia, and especially Kazakhstan, are pursuing the so-called multi-vector foreign policy, which consists in the fact that Nur-Sultan (Astana) is trying to develop cooperation with Russia, China, the USA, the European Union and Turkey. The development of cooperation between the Central Asian states with these countries is explained by their desire to get the maximum benefi t from all external partners, they consider it pragmatic not to refuse any forms of partnership that they are off ered. Beijing has not yet changed its policy towards the countries of Central Asia and adheres to the previous strategy: emphasis on the economy, non-interference in internal aff airs and the formation of a positive image of the country. At the same time, China is interested in the functioning of existing transport and logistics routes, stable economic development and political stability of the region. Since the early 1900s, Turkey has been trying to play the role of the leader of the Turkic community; it was the fi rst of all countries in the world to recognize the independence of the countries of Central Asia (CA). However, interaction within the framework of the Turkic Council, created by Turkey in 2009, which includes most of the Central Asian countries, takes place largely in a cultural and humanitarian vein. The echo of Western sanctions could not but aff ect the Central Asian countries, since they traditionally have close and intensive economic ties with Russia, including through integration associations (CIS and the EAEU to the CSTO) and fi nancial institutions. Against the backdrop of US and EU pressure on the elites of the Central Asian countries, Eurasian integration with Russia and China does not allow them to succumb to provocations from the West.
The article examines Russian-Chinese relations in the context of the emergence of a new world order. The author emphasizes that Russia and China consider each other as priority partners, always respect each other’s interests, becoming a model of relations between great powers. The countries maintain close exchanges and contacts at all levels, exchange views on major issues of mutual interest, strengthen mutual trust and develop cooperation in various fi elds. Russia and China have always adhered to the principles of non-alignment with blocs, non-confrontation, and they are not directed against a third party. They develop bilateral relations and cooperation in various fi elds on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefi t, which brings tangible benefi ts to the people of the two countries and also contributes to global development. China and Russia take common positions on most issues on the international agenda and are strengthening cooperation within the UN, SCO, BRICS, APEC, G20 and other multilateral platforms. They cooperate closely on global and regional issues, such as the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, the situation in Afghanistan and the Iranian nuclear issue. When Russia and China join forces, global multipolarity and democratization of international relations will receive new impetus, which will guarantee global strategic balance and stability. Meetings between the leaders of Russia and China become the compass and anchor of Russian-Chinese relations, laying a solid foundation for deepening bilateral cooperation. Under the strategic leadership of the two heads of state, the Russian-Chinese relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation will continue to move forward in the new era. The leaders of China and Russia agree that against the backdrop of unprecedented changes taking place today in the system of international relations, Russian-Chinese relations have reached unprecedented heights. The author comes to the conclusion that, in general, Russian-Chinese relations have not only withstood many new challenges, but have also strengthened signifi cantly over the past year.
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