“…Similar to the authors of this study, we suggest that the stronger retributive tendencies among the American public, previous use of US nuclear weapons in military conflict, as well as a more general willingness to approve of the use of military force to achieve foreign policy goals can help to explain the lower strength of the nuclear nonuse norm in the USA (Dill, Sagan and Valentino, 2022: 5–7). 9 Moreover, while we cannot support it with empirical evidence, the relatively higher aversion of British citizens to the use of chemical weapons could have also been reinforced by the more proximate direct experience with chemical agents in the infamous Salisbury attacks of 2018 (Chinonso Mark, 2018).…”