Russia in the Arctic region: Going bilateral or multilateral?

Abstract

The Russian Federation has been for several years characterized as having both domestic resources and the corresponding desire to re-establish some of the influences in the international affairs, resembling the ones it used to have during the Soviet times. In this manner, it seeks to re-establish the status not only by military means, but by diplomatic tools as well, which are at the center of this research. To be more concrete, the purpose of this research paper is to map and explain Russian non-military strategies on the Arctic region. The main questions are, therefore, as follows: (a) What is the attitude of the Russian Federation toward the Arctic region? and (b) What are the factors that contribute to this attitude? As indicated by many, the states with political ambitions share conservatism mainly related to economics and relative suspicion toward the well-established multilateral institutions, while preferring bilateral relations or being establishing partners in emerging organizations. Apart from what has been mentioned above, this paper intends to develop such an argument and test it on the particular case of the Arctic region. It, in essence, argues that Russia prefers bilateral approach in case of negotiations over the issues of its core national interests and is inclined to multilateral options in case of soft issue areas. However, although Russian bilateral relations attract sufficient scholarly attention, its presence in multilateral institutions is still an under-researched area. This research paper aims at contributing to global discussion by providing an answer on what is Russian attitude in multilateral institutions and what factors contribute to this behavior. As for the hypothesis, it shall be tested on the empirical data from content analysis of official documents (press releases and governmental statements), provided by the online archive of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Transit tariff optimization model for Russia and Central Asia energy cooperation

“…Cooperation in the energy sector is a high priority (The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2008; The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2018). Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan (as the largest producers of traditional energy in Central Asia) are interested in maximizing their benefits from the export of energy resources, which has a positive impact on their foreign trade and balance of payments (Ananyeva, 2019;Bakdolotov et al, 2017;Smaliukienė & Monni, 2019). However, these objectives can only be achieved within…”