For many students, the transition from noncritical to critical reading of the Bible is a difficult one. They readily assume that the "Book of Life" is in some sense not a book at all. This deeply ingrained habit of thinking of scripture as something distinct from other writings can make it hard for them to take hold of scholarly opinion and analytical tools used for interpretation, particularly those that explore facets of the composition history and literary dimensions of the biblical writings. Their appeal to belief in divine inspiration and the tendency to minimize the human processes behind the biblical text runs counter to the emphases of my hermeneutics course, where we consider such matters as the sources biblical authors build on, evidence of their editorial activities, and the rhetorical strategies they employ. For those unaccustomed to approaching the sacred text with attention to artfulness and design, this requires a significant shift in thinking.The perennial challenge I face, teaching in a relatively conservative environment, is introducing students to the wide world of biblical criticism without making light of their cherished, sometimes long-held presuppositions. What follows are reflections on one approach to teaching in such an environment that students (so they tell me) enjoy, one that serves as a buffer as they try to make sense of old and new ways of looking at the Bible.I now incorporate a range of creative writings into my course syllabus. If there are concepts of biblical interpretation that I can illustrate with the aid of a noncanonical, relatively modern writing, I discuss that text first (usually briefly). In this way students can observe, for instance, ways writers integrate and rewrite sources, follow and adapt literary conventions, develop plot and characters, and construct arguments that will recommend particular conclusions for their readers. We discuss such literary concerns in these non-canonical texts before we examine analogous phenomena in the biblical text. The possibilities for this kind of comparative work are endless and allow for study of class material in a relatively innocuous way. To introduce this pedagogical strategy, I begin with two short anecdotes that illustrate how the integration of fiction contributes to lectures on literary critical issues. The first example concerns genre analysis, and the second involves source and redaction criticism of the Gospels.First, I encounter predictable responses from students accustomed to reading the stories of the Bible as literal when I propose that the Book of Jonah is a parable. They balk at the idea, hearing in such a claim a denial that miracles occur. A similarly negative reaction follows the suggestion that Jesus' story about Lazarus and Dives is parabolic, as opposed to a literal account of postmortem existence (Luke 16:19-31). The challenge here, is convincing students that fiction
IN THE CLASSROOMUsing Media To Teach Theory