Rural women and power in Pakistan

Lee, Marilyn B.; Hezekiah, Jocelyn; Watters, Derek A.

doi:10.1080/07399339509516164

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Secondly, we found statistical differences in the knowledge, attitude, and practices between males and females with males having a more positive outlook towards e-cigarettes with much more of them being current users as concluded by a previous study [ 14 ]. This is perhaps due to males being much less likely to be judged on their views and practices as compared to females owing to strong patriarchal beliefs which are deeply embedded in Pakistani culture [ 15 ]. This could be further explained by the fact that such social practices by females are considered a taboo in Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Attitude of Teenagers Towards Electronic Cigarettes in Karachi, Pakistan

Shaikh

Ansari

Ahmad

et al. 2017

Cureus

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IntroductionStudies have shown that electronic cigarettes have gained immense popularity and their use has increased dramatically all over the world. However, little is known about the knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes in third world countries such as Pakistan. The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of teenagers in Karachi regarding e-cigarettes and whether the differences in said perceptions were affected by gender and level of education.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in January 2017 using convenience sampling and interviewed 441 young individuals, aged 13 to 19 years, to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding e-cigarettes. The participants were questioned about their knowledge and its source. Attitudes were judged using four and five-point Likert scales while questions regarding practices focused on single and current use. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were applied to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of teenagers with gender and level of schooling.ResultsThe majority of participants knew what e-cigarettes were (n=277, 68.7%) but did not know about their contents (n=225, 55.8%) and had learned about them from either friends or the internet (n=245, 60.%). Almost half of them (n=190, 47.2%) believed that the reason for e-cigarette use was either peer pressure or to quit smoking conventional cigarettes. An overwhelming majority also stated that; it was either easy or very easy to obtain e-cigarettes (n=277, 68.7%), they would not try smoking e-cigarettes even if a good friend of theirs recommended them (n=287, 71.2%), they were not current e-cigarette smokers (n=370, 91.8%) and they would never promote e-cigarette use (n=371, 92.1%). Statistically significant differences were found with males knowing more about e-cigarettes (p=0.006) and being more common to either have smoked (p <0.001) or be current e-cigarette smokers (p <0.001). Furthermore, middle school students were more likely to have negative attitudes towards e-cigarettes believing they were more harmful (p=0.003) and more addictive (p <0.001) than conventional cigarettes.ConclusionMany people were aware of what electronic cigarettes are but still, it was evident that there was the lack of proper knowledge along with negative attitudes towards e-cigarette use among teenagers in Pakistan due to cultural and social stigmas and lack of advertising. Males and females had considerable differences in their opinions regarding e-cigarette use owing to such social practices being considered taboo by females and males having greater freedom due to patriarchal, familial and cultural systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Attitude of Teenagers Towards Electronic Cigarettes in Karachi, Pakistan

Shaikh

Ansari

Ahmad

et al. 2017

Cureus

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“…Perception of power was measured using the Lee-Hezekiah Power Perception Scale (LHPPS) (Lee et al 1995), an instrument developed and tested by the author and a colleague while previously working in Pakistan. The LHPPS has 19 items which are scored using a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always).…”

Section: Perception Of Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Power, self‐care and health in women living in urban squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan: a test of Orem’s theory

Lee

1999

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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This was a study of health in women living in urban squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. The study grew out of the author's concern for the generally poor health status of Pakistani women. Orem's nursing theory was selected to examine health in these women. The purpose of the study was to examine relationships among basic conditioning factors, self-care agency (specifically, perception of power as a foundational capability of self-care agency and the enabling capabilities of self-care agency), self-care, and selected health outcomes of Pakistani women. Four hypotheses were developed and tested. They were that in a group of Pakistani women: (1) perception of power as a foundational capability and enabling capabilities of self-care agency and self-care will be related to selected basic conditioning factors; (2) perception of power, as a foundational capability of self-care agency, will be directly and positively related to enabling capabilities of self-care agency; (3) perception of power as a foundational capability and enabling capabilities of self-care agency will have a direct and positive relationship with self-care; and (4) self-care will be related to selected health outcomes. Hypotheses one, two and three were supported. Findings indicate that the basic conditioning factors, socioeconomic variables, ethnicity and roles, were predictive of perception of power, enabling capabilities of self-care agency, self-care and health. Hypothesis four was not supported; basic conditioning factors had more influence on health than self-care.

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Perception and practices regarding cannabis consumption in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

Hasan

Shaikh

Ochani

et al. 2019

Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse

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Rural women and power in Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Knowledge and Attitude of Teenagers Towards Electronic Cigarettes in Karachi, Pakistan

Knowledge and Attitude of Teenagers Towards Electronic Cigarettes in Karachi, Pakistan

Power, self‐care and health in women living in urban squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan: a test of Orem’s theory

Perception and practices regarding cannabis consumption in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

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