The study presented here examined the attitudes of 218 rural elderly women toward receiving professional and governmental assistance. The results indicated that although the respondents had little familiarity with governmental programs, they were generally in favor of increased assistance for people in need. The relationship of these constructs to age, income, education, and marital status is discussed, as are the implications for social work practice with this population.Despite the increased interest in the health and welfare needs of elderly people, of women, and of residents of rural areas during the past 2 decades, the voices of rural elderly women have not been included in generating information on these needs. Moreover, little is known about how older rural women view outside assistance for their health needs. This dearth of information led us to a two-stage study in which we sought to learn how rural older women define and maintain their health and well-being and how they perceive asking for and receiving professional help and governmental assistance. The first stage of the study was described in Butler (1993). This article presents partial findings from the second stage; additional findings from this stage, which discuss elderly women's concepts of health and well-being