Rural tourism development in China: Principles, models and the future

Abstract

Abstract. Since the beginning of political transformation in Poland, rural tourism was perceived as a versatile means for improving the economic situation of rural areas. It became a subject of excessive interest of politicians, scholars, various activists and the media. The aim of this article is to show the development and functioning of institutional and organizational environment over rural tourism in Poland. At first, development of rural tourism in Poland is presented, followed by the formation of a national and then a local support system. The multidimensional support for rural tourism and the accompanying enthusiasm for it allow for making a statement that tourism became "an apple of the eye" of the rural transformation process in Poland.

Innovating Rural Tourism Targeting Poverty Alleviation through a Multi-Industries Integration Network: the Case of Zhuanshui Village, Anhui Province, China

“…Although there are numerous concepts of rural tourism [21][22][23], its basic aspects include: taking place in rural areas; depending on the rural scenery and human activities as key tourist attractions; aiming to contribute to the development of rural areas; and being sustainable [3].…”

“…According to the tourist attractions, there are pastoral agriculture tourism, folk custom tourism, village and township tourism, leisure and vacation tourism, and agricultural knowledge tourism [3]. According to operation mode, there are household-run small business, individual farmstead, farmer family plus farmer family, corporation plus farmers, corporation plus community plus farmers, government plus corporation plus farmers [24].…”

“…With the growing number of tourists, the rural tourism resources would bear an increasing pressure without a scientific and rational management policy in place [3]. This should be especially emphasized for impoverished destinations, because there is an overlap between unsustainably environmental actions and poverty [59].…”

“…Accordingly, rural tourism (RT) has been taken as an effective tool for poverty alleviation in less-developed rural areas [3,4]. For example, in China, according to data from the China National Tourism Administration, through the promotion of RT, over 10 million Chinese poor residents in rural areas have thrown off poverty from 2010 to 2015, and a target amount of 12 million was expected from 2016 to 2020.…”

Rural tourism – “an apple of the eye” of rural policy in Poland

“…In the subject literature, there are examples presenting numerous approaches to this issue in many countries, e.g. in the United Kingdom (Bramwell 1991), Australia (Jenkins 1993), USA (Luloff et al 1994), in Israel (Fleisher & Felsenstein 2000, Spain (Canove et al 2004), China (Wang et al 2013), Malaysia (Liu 2006), and Finland (Saarinen 2007).…”