Rural Guilds and Urban–Rural Guild Relations in Early Modern Central Europe

Ehmer, Josef

doi:10.1017/s0020859008003647

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In most other European societies, guilds retained economic influence into the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century (Ogilvie 1996b(Ogilvie , 1997Ehmer 2008). When industry and commerce moved to the countryside, urban guilds did not relax their restrictions to remain competitive but lobbied successfully for government protection against rural competitors in exchange for a share of their rents (de Vries 1976;Amelang 1986;Ogilvie 2000).…”

Section: A Brief History Of European Guildsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A guild's exclusive privileges typically applied within a particular geographical area, sometimes consisting only of the town itself, often reaching into its immediate circumference, and sometimes extending more widely across a district or province. In many regions of central, southern, and eastern Europe, rural artisans defended themselves against urban harassment (and sought to corner monopoly rents of their own) by setting up purely rural guilds or forming "regional" guilds alongside urban craftsmen (Ogilvie 1996b(Ogilvie , 1997Ehmer 2008;Lis and Soly 2008). To establish and defend their monopolies and monopsonies, guilds excluded entrants, restricted trade volumes, set output prices above the competitive level, fixed input costs below the competitive level, and imposed costs on competitors (La Force 1965;Walker 1971;Clark and Slack 1976;Coleman 1977;Ogilvie 2004aOgilvie , 2005Ogilvie , 2011Lindberg 2008Lindberg , 2009Boldorf 2009;Caracausi 2014).…”

Section: Competition and Market Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…But guilds often enforced privileges that were not embodied in any legislation but were simply "well-known" to be part of their entitlements (Walker 1971;Ogilvie 2004aOgilvie , 2011Ehmer 2008). This led to constant demarcation conflicts-between guilds governing adjacent trades, merchant guilds and craft guilds, guilds of different towns, or guilds and nonguilded outsiders (Rosenband 1997;Ogilvie 1997Ogilvie , 2011Trivellato 2006;Hafter 2007;van den Heuvel 2007;Lindberg 2008;Caracausi 2014).…”

Section: Competition and Market Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Economics of Guilds

Ogilvie

2014

Journal of Economic Perspectives

167

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Occupational guilds in medieval and early modern Europe offered an effective institutional mechanism whereby two powerful groups, guild members and political elites, could collaborate in capturing a larger slice of the economic pie and redistributing it to themselves at the expense of the rest of the economy. Guilds provided an organizational mechanism for groups of businessmen to negotiate with political elites for exclusive legal privileges that allowed them to reap monopoly rents. Guild members then used their guilds to redirect a share of these rents to political elites in return for support and enforcement. In short, guilds enabled their members and political elites to negotiate a way of extracting rents in the manufacturing and commercial sectors, rents that neither party could have extracted on its own. First, I provide an overview of where and when European guilds arose, what occupations they encompassed, how large they were, and how they varied across time and space. I then examine how guild activities affected market competition, commercial security, contract enforcement, product quality, human capital, and technological innovation. The historical findings on guilds provide strong support for the view that institutions arise and survive for centuries not because they are efficient but because they serve the distributional interests of powerful groups.

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Section: A Brief History Of European Guildsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition and Market Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition and Market Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Economics of Guilds

Ogilvie

2014

Journal of Economic Perspectives

167

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“…V jejich pracích jsou cechy nahlíženy prizmatem dějin mentalit, gender studies, migračních procesů, státní politiky a v neposlední řadě též historické antropologie. Tématem městských a vesnických cechovních korporací se zabýval rakouský historik Josef Ehmer, který upozornil na vzájemnou provázanost městského a venkovského řemesla, jakož i mobilitu výrobců (Ehmer 2008).…”

Section: úVodunclassified

Untitled

2020

ČL

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During the 16th and 17th centuries, an extensive transformation of clothing habits took place in Central Europe. The era of the national styles of clothing had concluded and was replaced by widespread preference of the highly fashionable Spanish-and later French-clothing sets. New garments were fully accepted mainly by nobles and, over time, also among burghers. The question remains how and by whom they were passed on to the rural population. Our attention is focused mainly on urban tailors' guilds, which had a dominant position in the production of urban as well as rural clothing, due to regulations. Their creations are captured in several period depictions, and their abundance in towns as well as in the countryside is evidenced by inventories of estates and bequests to orphans. Clothing constructions are included in tailors' pattern books, which have been preserved in Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, and Germany. The comparison of the three mentioned source types in this study brings new information about the formation, types, and representation of individual components of men's clothing.

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“…Problematikou cechů na konci 17. a během 18. století a snahám o jejich reformu se zabýval Valentin Urfus (1960), na příkladu železářských a ocelářských dělníků pak zkoumal cechovní život na konci 18. století ve starší studii Oldřich Flégl (1914). Větší pozornost je této problematice věnována v zahraničí, fungování venkovského řemesla v habsburské monarchii se například soustavněji věnuje rakouský historik Josef Ehmer (2008). Hospodářským dějinám města a venkova v 18. a 19. století se, zejména ve vztahu k severní Moravě a české části Slezska, věnoval i Milan Myška (např.…”

Section: úVodunclassified

Venkovští mistři a založení nového cechu krejčích a ševců ve Šlapanicích roku 1834

Svoboda¹

2019

ČL

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This study deals with the situation of rural masters in Moravia based on the example of a tailor and cobbler guild founded in Šlapanice in 1834. The author analyses different means of dependency of the rural masters on their home guild, the problems that were linked to this dependency, and the reasons for founding a new guild. This study also shows guild life in Moravia during the 19th century and all that was connected to it.

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Rural Guilds and Urban–Rural Guild Relations in Early Modern Central Europe

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

The Economics of Guilds

The Economics of Guilds

Untitled

Venkovští mistři a založení nového cechu krejčích a ševců ve Šlapanicích roku 1834

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