Rural governance, community empowerment and the new institutionalism: A case study of the Isle of Wight

Quantifying entrepreneurship and its impact on local economic performance: A spatial assessment in rural Switzerland

“…These activities encompass, for example, new firm foundations or the application of 'niche marketing strategies' by established SMEs (Dinis 2006, 19). These activities may also include bottom-up initiatives by local nonprofit organizations or the local government, such as the initiation of community-led enterprises (Clark, Southern, and Beer 2007;Haugh 2007) or spin-offs in cooperation with local firms and governmental authorities (Laukkanen and Niittykangas 2003). Such entrepreneurial activities may lead to improved economic (e.g.…”

Area-based partnerships in rural Poland: The post-accession experience

“…Through reviewing international comparative studies and the published research which examines particular case studies and national experience of partnership working the common reasons for partnership failure/weakness can also be discerned: the exclusion of groups and individuals resulting in the absence of a cross-section of social groups especially the socially excluded (Ková ch, 2000;Yarwood, 2002;Considine, 2003;Lowndes and Sullivan, 2004;Shucksmith, 2000;Williams, 2003). unequal and contested power relations between partners resulting in tensions to the detriment of joint working and the domination of particular agencies and groups (Clark et al, 2007;Edwards et al, 2001;Larner and Butler, 2005;Lowndes and Sullivan, 2004;McAreavey, 2006). the instrumental use of partnership to attract funding without commitment to its normative principles resulting in weak relations between partners (Freshwater et al, 1993;Osborn, 1998;Shucksmith, 2000;Wasielewski, 2005).…”

Implementing integrated rural tourism: An event-based approach

“…In the past two decades, community involvement in local policymaking has gained increasing attention as an alternative approach to rural development in the European Union (EU) (Barke & Newton, 1997;Clark, Southern, & Beer, 2007;Diaz-Puente, Yague, & Afonso, 2008;High & Nemes, 2007;MacKinnon, 2002;Osti, 2000;Ray, 2000;Saraceno, 1999;Scott, 2002;Storey, 1999;Valentinov, 2008) and worldwide (Belsky, 1999;Curtis & Lockwood, 2000;Fox, 1995;Francis & James, 2003;Rigg, 1991). The strategies of exogenous rural intervention in the early post-war period supported the state-led import of industries, technologies and skills into the underdeveloped rural areas, and received growing criticism of the excessive dependence on state subsidy, the marginalisation of the local, small-scale enterprises and the conservation of local inactivity (Ellis & Biggs, 2001;Murdoch, 2000).…”