Rural commons and livelihood strategies in dry regions of India

Jodha, N. S.

doi:10.1080/09578810802464896

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Even though efforts to quantify the contribution of non-cultivated environments to rural income have been undertaken for decades (Beck, 1994;Beck and Nesmith, 2001;Mamo et al, 2007;Jodha, 2008;Rayamajhi et al, 2012;Thondhlana and Muchapondwa, 2014), some issues still need to be further examined in order to enrich our understanding. These are: (i) the underestimation or ignorance of environmental income.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural livelihoods and environmental resource dependence in Cambodia

Nguyen

Lam

Bühler

et al. 2015

Ecological Economics

122

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Understanding rural livelihood strategies and environmental resource dependence can help to reduce and prevent livelihood stresses induced by environmental resource degradation. This study identifies livelihood strategies of farm households in rural Cambodia and explores their determinants with a focus on environmental resource dependence. The data are derived from a survey of 580 households in 30 villages of Stung Treng province in Cambodia undertaken in 2013. An activity-based two-step cluster analysis is conducted to identify different livelihood clusters and regression models are performed to determine the major factors affecting the choice of livelihood strategies and the dependence on environmental resources. The results demonstrate how different levels of environmental and household capital influence livelihood strategies. Environmental resources contribute a significant portion of household income (27%) and act as a means to reduce income inequality (7%) among households. The absolute environmental income is positively correlated with the total income but the relative environmental income decreases with an increase in total income. Thus, it appears that low income households are not to be blamed for environmental degradation, because they are unable to undertake activities with high return. The findings of this study suggest that promoting off-farm employment, education and social networking reduces the extraction of environmental resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural livelihoods and environmental resource dependence in Cambodia

Nguyen

Lam

Bühler

et al. 2015

Ecological Economics

122

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“…Mais l'UGPPM établit une flexibilité des règles (y inclus les sanctions) du fait de: (1) l'attachement à la cohésion sociale c'est-à-dire le bonding social capital (Pretty, 2003), (2) l'attachement à la subsistance de chaque membre en raison de l'importance de la ressource (Jodha, 2008) et la réciprocité (Pretty, 2003), et (3) l'espoir mis sur les effets des sanctions sociales (Ostrom, 1992;Fujita et al, 1999) dans leur communauté. Bien que cette flexibilité des règles assure la durabilité de l'UGPPM en tant qu'organisation, elle favorise le comportement de passager clandestin en ce qui concerne le paiement des redevances et la participation aux travaux collectifs d'entretien, compromettant la maintenance collective des infrastructures d'irrigation.…”

Section: Discussion Et Conclusionunclassified

Flexibilité des règles et participation individuelle à l’action collective: Cas de l’Union des Groupements de Producteurs du Périmètre irrigué de Malanville au Bénin

Jimmy

Moumouni

2014

Eur J Dev Res

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This article analyses the determinants of individual participation in collective irrigation management, in terms of the payment of fees and participation in collective maintenance. It is based on a case study of the Union des Groupements de Producteurs du Périmètre Irrigué de Malanville (General Union of Producers of the irrigated perimeter in Malanville, UGPPM) in Benin. Data was collected through a survey sent to a random sample of 183 respondents, each belonging to one of five producers' cooperatives within the UGPPM. The statistical results indicate that cooperative members who have large families or are dissatisfied with the financial management of the UGPPM do not pay irrigation fees; whereas female and elderly cooperative members, and those who perceive the UGPPM decision-making process as autocratic, do not regularly participate in collective maintenance activities. The socio-cultural homogeneity of the UGPPM sustains the flexibility of rules and facilitates free riding.Le présent article analyse les déterminants de la participation individuelle à la gestion collective des systèmes d'irrigation en termes de paiement des redevances et de participation aux travaux collectifs d'entretien à travers le cas de l'Union des Groupements de Producteurs du Périmètre irrigué de Malanville (UGPPM) au Bénin. Les données ont été collectées avec un questionnaire adressé à 183 coopérateurs choisis aléatoirement au sein de cinq groupements mutualistes de producteurs de l'UGPPM et un focus group. Les résultats statistiques ont montré d'une part que les coopérateurs ayant une charge familiale élevée, ou ceux percevant la gestion financière des responsables comme défaillante, ne paient pas leurs redevances réglementaires. D'autre part, les femmes, les coopérateurs anciens dans le périmètre, ou ceux percevant les processus de prise de décisions comme autocratiques ne participent pas régulièrement aux travaux collectifs d'entretien. L'homogénéité socio-culturelle de l'UGPPM supporte une telle flexibilité des règles favorisant le comportement de passager clandestin.

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“…Forests also matter in reduction of income inequality. The seminal work of Jodha (1986) reported that income inequality increases by as much as 36% in dry regions of India when income from commons is ignored. Kamanga et al (2009) also observe that the equalizing effect of forest incomes is more in those Malawi villages that have access to forests.…”

Section: Forest Income and Rural Livelihoods: Literature And Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Income and Rural Livelihoods in West Bengal, India

Ray

Mukherjee²

2021

Studies in Microeconomics

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To what extent forests contribute to rural livelihoods in developing countries? To find a plausible answer for this, this article explores whether inclusion of forest income to rural households’ total income accounts reduces poverty and income inequality, and also enables rural households to cope with shocks. To this end, we conducted household surveys in eight forest-dependent villages in the Indian state of West Bengal between August 2016 and August 2017. Using data from 407 sample households, we measured forest income of a household as the aggregate monetary value of resources extracted solely from forest ecosystem and compared this with other economic activities of the households. We calculated poverty indices and Gini coefficient with and without forest income, and we employed regression and Gini decomposition techniques to assess the safety net role and relative contribution of forest income to reducing rural poverty and inequality when compared to other sources of income. We found that the addition of forest income to household accounts significantly reduces measured poverty and inequality. Besides, the sample households, especially the poor, extract more from forests to cope with severe covariate shocks due to greater income certainty and thus adopt forest-dominated coping strategy in time of shocks and crises. The implication is that forest income needs to sustainably flow to the poor along with the development of better safety nets in forested rural areas in order to improve the forest-based rural livelihoods in developing countries like India. JEL Codes: Q23, Q56, Q57

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Rural commons and livelihood strategies in dry regions of India

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Rural livelihoods and environmental resource dependence in Cambodia

Rural livelihoods and environmental resource dependence in Cambodia

Flexibilité des règles et participation individuelle à l’action collective: Cas de l’Union des Groupements de Producteurs du Périmètre irrigué de Malanville au Bénin

Forest Income and Rural Livelihoods in West Bengal, India

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