Rural and Urban Differences in Kentucky DUI Offenders

Webster, J. Matthew; Dickson, Megan F.; Duvall, Jamieson L.; Clark, David B.

doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e3181c6cb24

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Aside from prescription drugs, repeat offenders indicated longer periods of regular use for alcohol, marijuana, and illegal drugs overall. These findings are consistent with the limited rural DUI offender literature (Webster et al, 2010). Results also indicate that, similar to urban and national samples of repeat DUI offenders (Hedlund & McCartt, 2002; Wieczorek & Nochajski, 2005), rural repeat DUI offenders have more extensive substance use histories than first time offenders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Only a few studies have focused on differences between rural and urban DUI offenders. These studies have found that rural DUI offenders score significantly higher on drug abuse screening instruments and are more likely to 1) have multiple DUI offenses, 2) meet DSM-IV criteria for a substance use disorder, 3) be referred to substance abuse treatment rather than an education intervention, and 4) subsequently be noncompliant with treatment and education recommendations (Webster et al, 2009b; Webster et al, 2010). These findings suggest that problem severity may be greater among rural DUI offenders than urban offenders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Rural DUI Offenders

Dickson

Wasarhaley

Webster

2013

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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The purpose of the current study was to examine whether the differences found between first time and repeat rural DUI offenders were the same as those found previously in urban samples. A total of 118 rural DUI offenders were interviewed, approximately half (51.7%) of which were repeat offenders. Although demographic and mental health characteristics were similar across the two groups, repeat offenders reported more extensive substance use and criminal histories. Results suggest that the pattern of differences between rural first time and repeat DUI offenders may be different from the pattern found in prior urban-based studies. Treatment implications are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Rural DUI Offenders

Dickson

Wasarhaley

Webster

2013

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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“…Kirisci and colleagues found severity to be positively related to engaging in risky sexual behaviors. One of the most commonly used measures of problematic drug use is the self-report Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST; Hormes, Coffey, Drobes, & Saladin, 2011; Mdege & Lang, 2011; Webster, Dickson, Duvall, & Clark, 2010; Yudko, Lozhkina, & Fouts, 2007). The DAST has been shown to be associated with risky sexual behaviors (Kalichman & Cain, 2004; Senn, Carey, Vanable, Coury-Doniger, & Urban, 2006) leading to increased risk of contracting HIV (Ellickson, Collins, Bogart, Klein, & Taylor, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Inhibition Moderates the Association between Drug Use and Risky Sexual Behavior

Nydegger

Ames

Stacy

et al. 2014

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background HIV infection is problematic among all drug users, not only injection drug users. Drug users are at risk for contracting HIV by engaging in risky sexual behaviors. Objective The present study sought to determine whether inhibitory processes moderate the relationship between problematic drug use and HIV-risk behaviors (unprotected sex and multiple sex partners). Methods One hundred ninety-six drug offenders enrolled in drug education programs were administered a battery of computer-based assessments. Measures included a cued go/no-go assessment of inhibitory processes, the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) assessment of problematic drug use, and self-report assessment of condom use and multiple sex partners. Results Findings revealed that response inhibition assessed by the proportion of false alarms on the cued go/no-go moderated the relationship between problematic drug use and an important measure of HIV risk (condom nonuse) among drug offenders. However, response inhibition did not moderate the relationship between problematic drug use and another measure of HIV risk: multiple sex partners. Conclusions Among this sample of drug offenders, we have found a relationship between problematic drug use and condom nonuse, which is exacerbated by poor control of inhibition. These findings have implications for the development of HIV intervention components among high-risk populations.

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“…The prevalence of illicit drug use in this sample highlights the need for thorough clinical assessment for drug use disorders in addition to the alcohol use disorders typically associated with DUI offenders (Maxwell 2012; Webster et al 2010), especially given recent evidence from a national sample of nighttime drivers which found that positive, alcohol breath tests were associated with certain drug use disorders and that a significant proportion of drivers had polysubstance use disorders (Scherer et al 2017). Failing to identify the scope and magnitude of an individual’s substance use problems can limit the effectiveness of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characteristics of Prescription-Opioid-Impaired and Other Substance-Impaired Drivers in Rural Appalachian Kentucky

Webster

Dickson

Mannan

et al. 2018

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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Previous studies have highlighted the prescription opioid epidemic in rural Appalachia and its associated risk behaviors; however, no studies have examined prescription-opioid-impaired driving as a consequence of this epidemic. The purpose of the present study was to describe prescription-opioid-impaired drivers in rural Appalachian Kentucky and examine how they are similar to and different from other substance-impaired drivers from the region. A sample of convicted DUI offenders from rural Appalachian Kentucky completed a confidential research interview focused on their substance use, mental health, and criminal activity. Prescription-opioid-impaired drivers (n = 33) were compared to other drug-impaired drivers (n = 29) and to alcohol-only-impaired drivers (n = 44). Overall, prescription-opioid-impaired drivers had a similar prevalence of illicit substance use and criminal activity, including impaired driving frequency, to other drug-impaired drivers, but had a higher prevalence of illicit substance use and more frequent impaired driving when compared to alcohol-only-impaired drivers. Study implications include the importance of comprehensive substance abuse assessment and treatment for DUI offenders and the need for tailored interventions for prescription-opioid-impaired and other drug-impaired drivers.

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Rural and Urban Differences in Kentucky DUI Offenders

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

A Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Rural DUI Offenders

A Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Rural DUI Offenders

Response Inhibition Moderates the Association between Drug Use and Risky Sexual Behavior

Characteristics of Prescription-Opioid-Impaired and Other Substance-Impaired Drivers in Rural Appalachian Kentucky

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