Rural Amenity and Medical Workforce Shortage: Is there a Relationship?

McGrail, Matthew Richard; Humphreys, John Stirling; Joyce, Catherine M.; Scott, Anthony; Kalb, Guyonne

doi:10.1111/j.1745-5871.2011.00690.x

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…; McGrail et al. ) and regardless of whether the health professional is intrinsicly or extrinsicly motivated, expectations about both the professional role and the organisation influence job satisfaction and ultimately turnover (Knights and Kennedy ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health professionals working in remote Australia: a review of the literature

Onnis

Pryce

2015

Asia Pac J Human Res

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Health professionals working in remote Australia have demanding and stressful yet diverse and rewarding roles. The health domain literature examines the challenges of health service delivery non-cognisant of the benefits of a human resource management (HRM) approach. This systematic literature review uses an HRM approach to examine what is already known on this topic, and to identify key extant themes in order to determine: 1) which factors are common across the entire remote health workforce; and 2) whether there are factors that are unique to working in remote Indigenous communities that need further consideration. The findings suggest that the challenges and rewards are similar for health professionals working in remote Indigenous communities and those working in rural and remote regions. Therefore, the emergent themes (personal, professional, organisational and contextual) presented within a conceptual framework in this article are pertinent for all health professionals working in remote Australia.Nursing in an isolated community is certainly different . . . We hardly knew each other and now we were going to be living and working closely together for the next year or so in a place we didn't know, with people whose languages we didn't understand . . . We learnt to appreciate Key points 1 HRM approaches complement those currently used in the health domain for analysing remote workforce challenges. 2 Workforce challenges in remote regions and remote Indigenous communities are more similar than different. 3 Evidence-based HRM theories relevant to the remote health workforce challenges are identified. 4 The literature synthesis provides a sound framework for further research. ThemesThe emergent themes were: Personal, Professional, Organisational and Contextual. These themes were identified through analysis of the factors identified in the literature review and were synthesised to develop the conceptual framework. The impact of these factors on the remote health workforce is examined in the discussion section of this article. A more detailed explanation of each factor is presented in Table 3 together with an explanation of 52 Note 1 ARIA categories geographically classify areas that share common characteristics of remoteness (e.g. road distance to key service centres).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health professionals working in remote Australia: a review of the literature

Onnis

Pryce

2015

Asia Pac J Human Res

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“…Rural Australia has severe medical workforce shortages and rural Australians have poorer health and shorter life expectancy . Understanding factors that influence medical graduates' career decisions is imperative in addressing these workforce shortages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferred practice location at medical school commencement strongly determines graduates' rural preferences and work locations

Herd

Bulsara

Jones

et al. 2016

Australian J Rural Health

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The most consistent factor associated with rural preferences and work location was students' preferred location of practice at medical school commencement; this association is independent of, and enhances the effect of, rural background. Better understanding of what determines rural preference at medical school commencement and its influence on rural workplace outcomes beyond PGY3 is required to inform Australian medical school selection policies and rural health curricula.

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“…30,31 Place attractiveness has been linked to migration of rural populations [32][33][34] ; however, its influence on rural physicians' retention or mobility decisions remains unclear. 35 In our study, we aimed to describe the geographic mobility patterns of rural primary care physicians. In particular, the study quantifies, over an extended period, mobility rates of rural physicians and investigates the moderating effect of both area-level and individual-level factors on observed rural nonretention (departure).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mobility of US Rural Primary Care Physicians During 2000–2014

et al. 2017

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PURPOSE Despite considerable investment in increasing the number of primary care physicians in rural shortage areas, little is known about their movement rates and factors influencing their mobility. We aimed to characterize geographic mobility among rural primary care physicians, and to identify location and individual factors that influence such mobility. METHODSUsing data from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile for each clinically active US physician, we created seven 2-year (biennial) mobility periods during 2000-2014. These periods were merged with countylevel "rurality," physician supply, economic characteristics, key demographic measures, and individual physician characteristics. We computed (1) mobility rates of physicians by rurality; (2) linear regression models of county-level rural nonretention (departure); and (3) logit models of physicians leaving rural practice. RESULTSBiennial turnover was about 17% among physicians aged 45 and younger, compared with 9% among physicians aged 46 to 65, with little difference between rural and metropolitan groups. County-level physician mobility was higher for counties that lacked a hospital (absolute increase = 5.7%), had a smaller population size, and had lower primary care physician supply, but arealevel economic and demographic factors had little impact. Female physicians (odds ratios = 1.24 and 1.46 for those aged 45 or younger and those aged 46 to 65, respectively) and physicians born in a metropolitan area (odds ratios = 1.75 and 1.56 for those aged 45 or younger and those aged 46 to 65, respectively) were more likely to leave rural practice.CONCLUSIONS These findings provide national-level evidence of rural physician mobility rates and factors associated with both county-level retention and individual-level departures. Outcomes were notably poorer in the most remote locations and those already having poorer physician supply and professional support. Rural health workforce planners and policymakers must be cognizant of these key factors to more effectively target retention policies and to take into account the additional support needed by these more vulnerable communities. Ann Fam Med 2017;15:322-328. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2096. INTRODUCTIONR ural populations continue to experience relative shortages of the supply of primary care physicians, 1 with associated links to poorer health.2 Difficulties of both recruitment and retention of physicians in rural areas, which greatly contribute to experienced shortages, are well acknowledged. 3,4 There are many reasons for this ongoing workforce supply disparity, including professional, economic, infrastructural, political, educational, and sociocultural aspects. 5 Although considerable research has identified factors that facilitate or impede supply of physicians in rural areas, macro-level empirical evidence of observed rural mobility of physiciansnotably, which are more likely to move and why-is limited.6-9 Additionally, the frequencies with which specific rural physicians move over ...

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Rural Amenity and Medical Workforce Shortage: Is there a Relationship?

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Health professionals working in remote Australia: a review of the literature

Health professionals working in remote Australia: a review of the literature

Preferred practice location at medical school commencement strongly determines graduates' rural preferences and work locations

Mobility of US Rural Primary Care Physicians During 2000–2014

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