RUNX1/CD44 axis regulates the proliferation, migration, and immunotherapy of gliomas: A single-cell sequencing analysis

Abstract

BackgroundGlioma is one of the most common, primary, and lethal adult brain tumors because of its extreme aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Several recent studies relevant to the immune function of CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein as a significant hyaluronic acid receptor, have achieved great success, revealing the critical role of CD44 in immune infiltration in gliomas. The overexpression of CD44 has been verified to correlate with cancer aggressiveness and migration, while the clinical and immune features of CD44 expression have not yet been thoroughly characterized in gliomas.MethodsMolecular and clinical data of glioma collected from publicly available genomic databases were analyzed.ResultsCD44 was up-expressed in malignant gliomas, notably in the 1p/19q non-codeletion cases, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type, and mesenchymal subtypes in GBM samples. CD44 expression level strongly correlates with stromal and immune cells, mainly infiltrating the glioma microenvironment by single-cell sequencing analysis. Meanwhile, CD44 can be a promising biomarker in predicting immunotherapy responses and mediating the expression of PD-L1. Finally, RUNX1/CD44 axis could promote the proliferation and migration of gliomas.ConclusionsTherefore, CD44 was responsible for glioma growth and progression. It could potentially lead to a novel target for glioma immunotherapy or a prognostic biomarker.

Spindle apparatus coiled‐coil protein 1 (SPDL1) serves as a novel prognostic biomarker in triple‐negative breast cancer

“…We used the oncoPredict R package to analyze drug response data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database (http://www.cancerRxgene.org) to investigate the relationship between chemotherapeutic sensitivity and the prognostic model [23 – 25]. The Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to compare the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of patients to these drugs between the SPDL1‐high and SPDL1‐low expression groups.…”

CD44 and its implication in neoplastic diseases

“…It has been shown that overexpression of CD44 is linked to poor prognosis, 39 tumor progression, 40 and aggressive behavior 41 of tumors. For instance, CD44 is a possible CSCs marker in meningioma; the high expression of CD44 was associated with a shorter progression‐free survival 42 .…”