Runtime Management of Multi-level SLAs for Transport and Logistics Services

Marquezan, Clarissa Cassales; Metzger, Andreas; Franklin, Rod; Pohl, Klaus

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45391-9_49

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Yet, so far, we have not considered aggregate or frame SLAs. In these kinds of SLAs, the presence of multiple service level objective violations incurs penalties; e.g., if more than 5% of the process instances are delayed (e.g., see [6,14]). To address these kinds of SLAs, we plan to explore approaches for predicting aggregate process outcomes (e.g., see [25]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a potential problem is predicted, this problem is analyzed and adaptation decisions are triggered to prevent or mitigate the predicted problem. As an example, a delay in the expected delivery time for a freight transport process may incur contractual penalties [6,14]. If during the execution of such freight transport process a delay is predicted, alternative and thus faster transport services (such as air delivery instead of road delivery) can be scheduled before the delay actually occurs, thereby avoiding contractual penalties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk-Based Proactive Process Adaptation

Metzger

Bohn

2017

Service-Oriented Computing

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Abstract. Proactive process adaptation facilitates preventing or mitigating upcoming problems during process execution, such as process delays. Key for proactive process adaptation is that adaptation decisions are based on accurate predictions of problems. Previous research focused on improving aggregate accuracy, such as precision or recall. However, aggregate accuracy provides little information about the error of an individual prediction. In contrast, so called reliability estimates provide such additional information. Previous work has shown that considering reliability estimates can improve decision making during proactive process adaptation and can lead to cost savings. So far, only constant cost functions have been considered. In practice, however, costs may differ depending on the magnitude of the problem; e.g., a longer process delay may result in higher penalties. To capture different cost functions, we exploit numeric predictions computed from ensembles of regression models. We combine reliability estimates and predicted costs to quantify the risk of a problem, i.e., its probability and its severity. Proactive adaptations are triggered if risks are above a pre-defined threshold. A comparative evaluation indicates that cost savings of up to 31%, with 14.8% savings on average, may be achieved by the risk-based approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Based Proactive Process Adaptation

Metzger

Bohn

2017

Service-Oriented Computing

Self Cite

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“…The technical contributions in each paper are also analyzed with respect to the application domain. A contribution in a paper (e.g., language or methodology for modeling and definition of SLAs) could be generally applicable within the area of cloud services in IoT or be tailored to a specific application domain within this area, e.g., E-commerce [17], transportation and logistics services [18], E-learning [19], Mobile web services [20], to mention a few.…”

Section: E Application Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have proposed SLA templates with the focus on concrete application domains. For example, Marquezan et al [18] look at transport and logistics services and after describing specifics of the field and introducing an additional level of detail when writing SLAs for logistics services -a frame SLA, the authors provide a model for all the data that can be included in an SLA for transport services. Additionally, the authors implement a dedicated user interface for SLA management using the proposed data model including information from specific SLAs, frame SLAs and QoS monitoring data.…”

Section: Templates To Define and Model Slasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Literature Study on Definition and Modeling of Service-Level Agreements for Cloud Services in IoT

et al. 2020

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The cloud computing paradigm provides remote computing resources to the cloud service consumers and businesses. When combined with Internet of Things (IoT), both technologies open up a wide range of new possibilities for more agile and flexible applications. However, guaranteed quality of service is essential in provisioning of cloud services, which makes Service Level Agreements (SLAs) a focal point in the cloud computing and IoT ecosystem. The SLA definition and modeling phase is crucial in establishing SLAs between service providers and consumers. This paper identifies that the research on definition and modeling of SLAs for cloud services in IoT is widely dispersed and there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive literature review. Thus, in this paper we build on top of a previously conducted systematic mapping study on management of SLAs for cloud computing and IoT to perform a comprehensive systematic review and discuss sub-categorization of the definition and modeling aspects of SLAs for cloud services in IoT. Furthermore we analyze the extracted relevant literature, present commonalities in the studies, identify gaps and discuss opportunities for further research in the area.

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“…This transformation is based on a subset of the general WS-Agreement model extended with ad-hoc constructors which does not, however, cover the compensation elements introduced in Linked USDL Agreement. Marquezan et al [9] also extend Linked USDL with a Transport and Logistics SLA Vocabulary. Unlike our proposal, this extension is domain-specific, and is therefore essentially targetted at modelling transport and logistics SLAs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linked USDL Agreement: Effectively Sharing Semantic Service Level Agreements on the Web

García

Pedrinaci

Resinas

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE International Conference on Web Services

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Abstract-As the use of services available on the Web is becoming mainstream, contracts and legal aspects of the relationship between providers and consumers need to be formalized. However, current proposals to model service level agreements are mostly focused on technical aspects, do not explicitly provide semantics to agreement terms, and do not follow Web principles. These limitations prevent take-up, automatic processing, and effective sharing of agreements. Linked USDL Agreement is a Linked Data based semantic model to describe and share service agreements that extends Linked USDL, which offers a family of languages to describe various technical and business aspects of services. We followed a use case driven approach, evaluating the applicability of our proposal in a cloud computing scenario, and comparing its expressiveness with existing models. Finally, we show a concrete tool that helps to model and check the validity of agreements.

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Runtime Management of Multi-level SLAs for Transport and Logistics Services

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Risk-Based Proactive Process Adaptation

Risk-Based Proactive Process Adaptation

A Systematic Literature Study on Definition and Modeling of Service-Level Agreements for Cloud Services in IoT

Linked USDL Agreement: Effectively Sharing Semantic Service Level Agreements on the Web

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