RUNOFF AND WATER QUALITY FROM THREE SOIL LANDFORM UNITS ON MANCOS SHALE<sup>1</sup>

Jackson, William L.; Julander, Randall P.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00107.x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Arroyo Chavez drains highly erodible sandstone and shale of the Menefee Formation, which may increase sediment yield. Other studies have shown high erosion rates on the Cretaceous Menefee Formation and Mancos Shale (Dortignac, 1960;Jackson and Julander , 1982;U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 2005;Godfrey et al, 2008).…”

Section: Erosion (Denudation) Ratesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico

Gellis¹,

Pavich²,

Ellwein³

et al. 2011

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Arroyos in the American Southwest proceed through cut-and-fi ll cycles that operate at centennial to millennial time scales. The geomorphic community has put much effort into understanding the causes of arroyo cutting in the late Quaternary and in the modern rec ord (late 1800s), while little effort has gone into understanding how arroyos fi ll and the sources of this fi ll. Here, we successfully develop a geographic information system (GIS)-modeled sediment budget that is based on detailed fi eld measurements of hillslope and channel erosion and deposition. Field measurements were made in two arroyo basins draining different lithologies and undergoing different land disturbance (Volcano Hill Wash, 9.30 km 2 ; Arroyo Chavez, 2.11 km 2 ) over a 3 yr period.Both basins have incised channels that formed in response to the late nineteenth-century incision of the Rio Puerco. Large volumes of sediment were generated during arroyo incision, equal to more than 100 yr of the current annual total sediment load (bed load + suspended load) in each basin. Downstream reaches in both arroyos are presently aggrading, and the main source of the sediment is from channel erosion in upstream reaches and fi rst-and second-order tributaries. The sediment budget shows that channel erosion is the largest source of sediment in the current stage of the arroyo cycle: 98% and 80% of the sediment exported out of Volcano Hill Wash and Arroyo Chavez, respectively. The geomorphic surface most affected by arroyo incision and one of the most important sediment sources is the valley alluvium, where channel erosion, gullying, soil piping, and grazing all occur. Erosion rates calculated for the entire Volcano Hill Wash (-0.26 mm/yr) and Arroyo Chavez (-0.53 mm/yr) basins are higher than the modeled upland erosion rates in each basin, refl ecting the large contributions from channel erosion. Erosion rates in each basin are affected by a combination of land disturbance (grazing) and lithology-erodible sandstones and shales in Arroyo Chavez compared with basalt for Volcano Hill Wash. Despite these differences, hillslope sediment yields are similar to long-term denudation rates. As the arroyo fi lls over time from mouth to headwaters, hillslope sediment becomes a more signifi cant sediment source.

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Section: Erosion (Denudation) Ratesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico

Gellis¹,

Pavich²,

Ellwein³

et al. 2011

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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“…Contaminants of major interest that are released from the Mancos include nitrate, selenium, sulfate, and uranium. Contamination of surface drainages by salts and selenium released from the Mancos is well established; − however, little is known about concentrations in groundwater and few data are available for uranium . Because Mancos Shale contains constituents similar to those in uranium mill tailings, differentiating the natural (Mancos-derived) component from the anthropogenic (mill-derived) component in proximal groundwater is problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Contamination in the Mancos Shale

Morrison

Goodknight

Tigar

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Some uranium mill tailings disposal cells were constructed on dark-gray shale of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale. Shale of this formation contains contaminants similar to those in mill tailings. To establish the contributions derived from the Mancos, we sampled 51 locations in Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. Many of the groundwater samples were saline with nitrate, selenium, and uranium concentrations commonly exceeding 250, 000, 1000, and 200 μg/L, respectively. Higher concentrations were limited to groundwater associated with shale beds, but were not correlated with geographic area, stratigraphic position, or source of water. The elevated concentrations suggest that naturally occurring contamination should be considered when evaluating groundwater cleanup levels. At several locations, seep water was yellow or red, caused in part by dissolved organic carbon concentrations up to 280 mg/L. Most seeps had (234)U to (238)U activity ratios greater than 2, indicating preferential leaching of (234)U. Seeps were slightly enriched in (18)O relative to the meteoric water line, indicating limited evaporation. Conceptually, major ion chemical reactions are dominated by calcite dissolution following proton release from pyrite oxidation and subsequent exchange by calcium for sodium residing on clay mineral exchange sites. Contaminants are likely released from organic matter and mineral surfaces during weathering.

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“…where EC w is electric conductivity after groundwater mix (ds/m), g is number of groundwater resources which are PNA and NAS, EC wi is electric conductivity of groundwater resource i (ds/m), and f i is fraction of source i in the mix. A conversion factor of 650 is used to transfer salinity units from ppm to ds/m [43]. To study the effect of groundwater salinity on crop yield, Table 2 is used, which provides tolerance values of crops toward water salinity [44,45].…”

Section: Optimization Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Agriculture Development in the Western Desert of Egypt: A Case Study on Crop Production, Profit, and Uncertainty in the Siwa Region

Moghazy

Kaluarachchi

2020

Sustainability

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The Egyptian government initiated a development project in 2015 to reclaim 1.5 million acres with the primary goal of increasing agricultural production. Siwa is one of these areas in the Western Desert of Egypt, with 30,000 acres using groundwater from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS). This study investigates if government goals are achievable in the next 20 years to secure the food and water needs of the Siwa region. Results show that total required crop areas are 7154 and 6629 acres in winter and summer, respectively. These areas are less than 17,010 acres of available area for cultivation (Av). The estimated total water use is 40.6 million cubic meters (MCM), which is less than the 88 MCM that is considered available groundwater in the Nubian Aquifer System (NAS). Due to available capacity in Siwa, an optimization model is used to maximize crop production considering government policies. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was applied to predict production costs and sell prices of cultivated crops. Analysis included different scenarios beyond government-recommended approaches to identify ways to further expand agriculture production under sustainable conditions. Results provide valuable insights to the ability to achieve government goals from the project and changes that may be required to enhance production.

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RUNOFF AND WATER QUALITY FROM THREE SOIL LANDFORM UNITS ON MANCOS SHALE¹

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico

Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico

Naturally Occurring Contamination in the Mancos Shale

Sustainable Agriculture Development in the Western Desert of Egypt: A Case Study on Crop Production, Profit, and Uncertainty in the Siwa Region

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RUNOFF AND WATER QUALITY FROM THREE SOIL LANDFORM UNITS ON MANCOS SHALE1

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico

Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico

Naturally Occurring Contamination in the Mancos Shale

Sustainable Agriculture Development in the Western Desert of Egypt: A Case Study on Crop Production, Profit, and Uncertainty in the Siwa Region

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Product

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RUNOFF AND WATER QUALITY FROM THREE SOIL LANDFORM UNITS ON MANCOS SHALE¹