Runoff and sediment transport in a torrential ephemeral stream of the Mediterranean coast

Vide, Juan Pedro Martín; Niñerola, D; Bateman, Allen; Navarro, Andrés; Velasco, Edith Jaurrieta de

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(99)00134-1

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Due to its relative simplicity, the MPM formula has been a popular bed load predictor in both research and engineering applications since its derivation in 1948 (Martin-Vide et al 1999). It computes bed load discharge based on the mean grain size of a sediment mixture and values of excess instantaneous boundary shear stress for that grain-size class.…”

Section: The Meyer-peter and Müller (1948) Formula (Mpm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Coarse Sediment Transport from Patchy Beds in Ephemeral Channels

Yuill¹

2012

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Seven 1-D sediment transport formulae are employed to predict coarse sediment transport in a low-order, ephemeral channel with patchy bed material. Sediment transport is modeled through two different methods to characterize the sediment supply: by using a channel-averaged grain-size distribution (GSD) and by using the mean GSDs from the relatively coarse and fine textured patches that compose the channel bed.Modeling results show that the two different characterizations of the sediment supply produce significantly different values of predicted coarse sediment yield. The relative differences in the predicted yield values are dependent on the assumptions of each formula, including how the sediment supply is parameterized within the model. Modeled sediment yield values are contrasted to observed values for seven flashflood-type runoff events. The formulae accuracies typically are comparable to past analyses in fluvial systems more reminiscent of the hydraulic environments in which the models were derived (perennial flow, gravel-bed material).Study results reaffirm that the method by which sediment supply is characterized significantly impacts the performance of sediment transport formulae and that a single GSD might not adequately describe the sediment supply originating from patchy beds.

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Section: The Meyer-peter and Müller (1948) Formula (Mpm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Coarse Sediment Transport from Patchy Beds in Ephemeral Channels

Yuill¹

2012

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“…Hydrological features typically include a few days of steady rains with anomalous high levels of daily totals, followed by a few hours of heavy rain commonly exceeding 200 mm but easily reaching values as high as 400 -500 mm (Blair et al 1985;Baldwin et al 1987;Martin-Vide et al 1999;Perez 2001).…”

Section: Catastrophic River Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rocky coast: geological constraints for hazard assessment

Violante

2009

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Geological hazard along rocky coasts is basically associated with processes of rapid sediment transfers. Massive transport of rock, regolith, sedimentary cover and soil occur episodically, accounting for cliff recession, sudden increase in solid load in short coastal rivers, and flank collapse of volcanic structures and rocky slopes. In geohazard terms, rocky coasts operate as transfer zones that deliver sediment directly from slopes to the coast and open sea at intermittent time intervals. Erosion and transport of material causes major physical changes and exposes coastal communities and human activity to hazard with potential damage to property and infrastructure, and loss of life. This paper focuses on geological processes that regulate rapid sediment transfers in rocky coastal areas, with examples drawn mostly from the Italian coasts. It is stressed that proper comprehension of coastal mass wasting hazard has to include marine and historical investigations. As a main delivery area, the submerged part of rocky coasts preserves reliable sedimentary records of past geological events occurring on land, which are often only partly detectable along subaerial rocky slopes and commonly reported in historical sources.Natural hazard on the coast is largely affected by processes of rapid sediment transfers produced by meteorological, oceanographic and geological forces. Coastal failure, mass wasting and floods are some of the processes that operate naturally in this environment and significantly influence the human use of coastal resources. It is estimated that more than 37% of the world's population live within 100 km of the coastline and that 80% of the shores are rocky (Emery & Kuhn 1982); this includes beaches that are backed by bedrock cliffs or rocky uplands. The geological processes that regulate sediment transfer in these environments also cause major physical changes both onshore and at sea, and their understanding is essential for hazard assessment and the determination of the related geological risk.According to the coastal zone concept, the term 'rocky coast' is used here to denote a spatial zone between the landward limit of marine influence and seaward limit of terrestrial influence (Carter 1988) composed of a rocky substrate retaining at the coastline the form of a cliff with different profiles. This definition includes steep coastal watersheds, pocket beaches situated between bedrock headlands, fan-delta systems, and other non-rocky elements such as barrier spits downdrift of river mouths and estuaries. This term is also suitable for the study of physical changes and related hazard or risk as it includes coastal settlements and human activity. Rocky coasts occur in a variety of geological settings with a wide range of morphologies depending on rock type, tectonics and climate. Rocky coastal areas can be associated with mountainous regions with active or recent tectonics or volcanic activity, or develop as low-relief cliffs along non-active margins, which limit seaward flattened areas. Steep co...

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“…The lowest 8·2 km of the Les Arenes is a channelized reach with vertical walls 50 m apart. Its longitudinal profile is straight with a steep 3% gradient and the bed is composed of coarse gravel with D 50 = 15 mm and mean grain size D m = 52 mm (Martín-Vide et al, 1999). The lowest 2·8 km of the Palau are also channelized, with vertical walls 24 m apart, the gradient is 0·6% and the riverbed is composed of a gravel, D m = 18 mm (D 50 = 10 mm).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to Q, a runoff coefficient of 0·132 for the forested basin and the ephemeral stream of Les Arenes under the large rainfall event of October 1994 has been calculated with real data (Martín-Vide et al, 1999). A runoff coefficient of 0·80 for urban areas is assumed otherwise (based on local experience).…”

Section: Assessment Of the Causes Of Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, only the very large floods, which occur with much lower frequency, are capable of activating the degradation potential in the Les Arenes. Some 'annual' floods with peak discharges in the range 10-25 m 3 /s have carried only 650-800 m 3 of sediment in the Les Arenes (or around 1% of the runoff volume) (Martín-Vide et al, 1999). Therefore, every process in the bed profile is expected to be much slower in an ephemeral stream than in a perennial one.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Causes Of Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel degradation and slope adjustment in steep streams controlled through bed sills

Vide

Andreatta

2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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General, parallel and rotational degradation and the effect of bed sills are investigated with the aid of historical field data and laboratory experiments. The case under consideration is a system of two tributaries and a main river in northeast Spain, characterized by its short length, steepness and ephemeral nature. The comparison of bed profiles since 1962 revealed an incision greater than 5·5 m. The main causes of degradation are thought to be channelization (width reduction) and urban growth. The equilibrium slopes with and without sills were obtained in 111 live-bed flume tests. It is demonstrated that the bed slope is milder with sills than without sills under the same flow and sediment rates. The equations for the calculation of equilibrium slopes, scaled to prototype, are applied to the case-study, with good agreement.

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Runoff and sediment transport in a torrential ephemeral stream of the Mediterranean coast

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Predicting Coarse Sediment Transport from Patchy Beds in Ephemeral Channels

Predicting Coarse Sediment Transport from Patchy Beds in Ephemeral Channels

Rocky coast: geological constraints for hazard assessment

Channel degradation and slope adjustment in steep streams controlled through bed sills

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