Running Wheel Activity Prevents Hyperphagia and Obesity in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats: Role of Hypothalamic Signaling

Bi, Sheng; Scott, Karen A.; Hyun, Jayson; Ladenheim, Ellen E.; Moran, Timothy H.

doi:10.1210/en.2004-1441

Cited by 119 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Thus, OLETF become leaner in response to both exercise and lactation, whereas LETO controls presented opposite patterns: weight reduction following exercise and increase during lactation. In addition, after locking the running wheels for 6 weeks, OLETF male rats did not fully recover, 44 whereas after 8 weeks PW OLETF female rats appear to be fully recovered in the present study. Thus, the energetic demands of lactation produce a different pattern of physiological adaptation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…This may be interpreted either as indicating a negative energy balance, or as adaptation at a lean-level set-point, just as is the case when OLETF male rats have the opportunity to exercise. 44 In OLETF rats, BAT tissue weight and leptin levels were highly correlated; both were significantly lower than in nonlactating rats. The reduced BAT levels during lactation (Figure 1e) may be due to the dam's negative energetic balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…22 In response to long-term exercise, DMH NPY was overexpressed in LETO but not in OLETF male rats. 44 After prolonged exercise, leptin levels, epidydimal fat and body mass of OLETF and LETO male rats were similar: the OLETF phenotype was 'normalized' to a more lean profile. 44 Can we compare the energetic demands of lactation to those of exercise?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…44 After prolonged exercise, leptin levels, epidydimal fat and body mass of OLETF and LETO male rats were similar: the OLETF phenotype was 'normalized' to a more lean profile. 44 Can we compare the energetic demands of lactation to those of exercise? The current results show that during the 3 weeks of lactation, LETO dams increased body weight and fat depots, whereas OLETF reduced weight, fat stores and leptin levels, the two strains reaching similar levels on Lac15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Adaptation to lactation in OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors: body weight, fat tissues, leptin and oxytocin

et al. 2008

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Objective: To understand the adaptation to lactation of obese rats, by studying the interplay among the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), the adiposity hormone leptin and the affiliation hormone oxytocin in modulating body mass and fat storage. Design: Strain differences were examined between Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats lacking expression of functional CCK-1 receptors and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls, tested as nulliparous dams, at the 7 and 15th lactation day, at weaning (lactation day 22) or 8 weeks postweaning. Measurements: We measured body mass, fat pads (brown, retroperitoneal and inguinal) and inguinal adipocytes. Plasma levels of leptin and oxytocin were determined. Results: Fat depots of LETO female rats were larger during lactation compared to the levels found in postweaning and nulliparous female rats. LETO female rats gained weight and accumulated fat during pregnancy and lactation, returning to their normal fat levels postweaning. In contrast, OLETF female rats presented lower body weight and fat depots during the lactation period than nulliparous dams, and regained the weight and fat postweaning. Plasma leptin and oxytocin were highly correlated and followed the same pattern. OLETF leptin levels were highly correlated with fat depot and inguinal cell surface. No significant correlation was found for LETO parameters. Conclusions: Pregnancy and lactation are energy-consuming events, which naturally induce female rats to increase food intake and accumulate fat. When challenged by the demands of rapidly growing preobese OLETF pups, OLETF dams' fat stores are reduced to lean, LETO levels. During lactation, sensitivity of the oxytocinergic neurons descending from the paraventricular nuclei to the nucleus of the solitary tract to CCK is reduced. We theorized that this pathway is not available to OLETF female rats that lack functional CCK-1 receptors to mediate the signal. The current study contributes to the understanding of the female body's adaptation to lactation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Adaptation to lactation in OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors: body weight, fat tissues, leptin and oxytocin

et al. 2008

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“…11 For example, HIIE may have suppressed appetite or decreased attraction for energy-dense foods. 24,25 Another explanation for the HIIE fat loss effects is that this type of exercise may result in enhanced lipid utilization. Prior research in our laboratory has shown that lipid release, as indicated by blood glycerol levels, gradually increased over 20 min of HIIE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women

et al. 2008

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Objective: To determine the effects of a 15-week high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) program on subcutaneous and trunk fat and insulin resistance of young women. Design and procedures: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: HIIE (n ¼ 15), steady-state exercise (SSE; n ¼ 15) or control (CONT; n ¼ 15). HIIE and SSE groups underwent a 15-week exercise intervention. Subjects: Forty-five women with a mean BMI of 23.2 ± 2.0 kg m À2 and age of 20.2 ± 2.0 years. Results: Both exercise groups demonstrated a significant improvement (Po0.05) in cardiovascular fitness. However, only the HIIE group had a significant reduction in total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM), trunk fat and fasting plasma insulin levels. There was significant fat loss (Po0.05) in legs compared to arms in the HIIE group only. Lean compared to overweight women lost less fat after HIIE. Decreases in leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with increases in VO 2peak (r ¼ À0.57, Po0.05) and positively correlated with decreases in TBM (r ¼ 0.47; Po0.0001). There was no significant change in adiponectin levels after training. Conclusions: HIIE three times per week for 15 weeks compared to the same frequency of SSE exercise was associated with significant reductions in total body fat, subcutaneous leg and trunk fat, and insulin resistance in young women.

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Moderate physical exercise attenuates the alterations of feeding behaviour induced by social stress in female rats

Benite-Ribeiro

Santos

Duarte

2013

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that stress-related disorders, such as the increase on the caloric intake, are twice as common in women as in men, but surprisingly, very few studies have been tested this subject on female experimental animals. Additionally, it has been proposed that regular physical exercise can improve the deleterious effects of stress. Therefore, the present longitudinal study, performed in female rats, aimed to test the influence of chronic stress (ST) imposed by social isolation on the animals' caloric intake and to assess the effect of regular physical exercise of low intensity on this behaviour. In 4 groups of Wistars rats (control sedentary, n = 6; control exercised, n = 6; ST sedentary, n = 6; ST exercised, n = 6), body weight, food intake, abdominal fat weight, adrenal weight, corticosterone metabolites in faeces and plasma insulin levels were measured during the experimental protocol and/or at its end. The results showed that social isolation was not able to modify the amount of abdominal fat and the body weight; however, it promoted significant increases in the corticosterone metabolites and in the amount of caloric intake, which were attenuated in exercised rats. Additionally, exercised groups presented lower levels of fasting insulin than sedentary groups. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that regular physical exercise of low intensity attenuates the corticosterone metabolites and overeating behaviour triggered by social stress.

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Running Wheel Activity Prevents Hyperphagia and Obesity in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats: Role of Hypothalamic Signaling

Cited by 119 publications

References 57 publications

Adaptation to lactation in OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors: body weight, fat tissues, leptin and oxytocin

Adaptation to lactation in OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors: body weight, fat tissues, leptin and oxytocin

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women

Moderate physical exercise attenuates the alterations of feeding behaviour induced by social stress in female rats

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