Running to Fight Another Day: Commodification of Peace and the Resurgence of Violence in Post-amnesty Niger Delta

Eke, Surulola

doi:10.1080/19392206.2016.1178561

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Crude oil production started modestly in Nigeria in 1958 in two oil fields -one at Oloibiri and the other at Afam -that yielded some 5,100 barrels per day (Steyn, 2009;Duru, 2014). From this modest beginning, Nigeria's oil sector has expanded in leaps and bounds with about 606 oilfields (comprising 355 onshore and 251 offshore) and about 5,284 oil wells all over the Niger Delta region (Anifowose et al, 2014;Eke, 2016). From these oil fields, Nigeria has been producing millions of barrels of oil that peaked at some point at 2.5 million barrels per day (mbpd).…”

Section: Nigeria's Oil Sector: a Theoretical Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Quest for Zero Routine Flaring: An Appraisal of Nigeria’s Legal and Regulatory Abatement Frameworks

Nwozor¹,

Olanrewaju²,

Ake³

et al. 2020

EGJ

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This paper evaluates Nigeria's commitment to ending gas flaring within the context of the global quest for zero routine flaring by 2030. Nigeria has adopted a combination of strategies since 1969 to achieve zero flaring. Within this period, several unrealized flare-out dates were set. Several factors are responsible for the non-realization of the flare-out targets. These include Nigeria's weak institutional framework, the unattractiveness of economic payoffs associated with investing in gas-gathering infrastructure and the unwillingness of international oil companies (IOCs) to readjust their operations to accommodate zero gas flaring. Using data from secondary sources, the paper locates the non-realization of the various flare-out dates between legal enactments and economic permutations. A related factor is the huge capital outlay required to develop gas-gathering infrastructure vis-à-vis the uncertainty surrounding the gas market in Nigeria. The paper recommends the adoption of a holistic implementation strategy as a stimulus to extract commitments from all stakeholders towards zero gas flaring by 2030.

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Section: Nigeria's Oil Sector: a Theoretical Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Quest for Zero Routine Flaring: An Appraisal of Nigeria’s Legal and Regulatory Abatement Frameworks

Nwozor¹,

Olanrewaju²,

Ake³

et al. 2020

EGJ

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“…The greatest challenge in the Niger Delta is not just planting physical and social infrastructures or making its characteristically difficult and inaccessible terrains accessible but the repair of the ecological devastation wrought by oil production activities. Considering that about 5,284 oil wells are scattered all over the Niger Delta region with thousands of kilometres of oil and gas pipelines, it means that there are equivalent number of locations from which oil spills, gas flaring and pollution from chemical and toxic wastes could occur to jeopardize the ecosystem (Evoh, 2002;Steiner, 2010;Eke, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJEEP

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The Niger Delta region, which is the hydrocarbon basket of Nigeria, appears to be sitting on an environmental time bomb due to degradation from widespread hydrocarbon pollution. The major sources of environmental degradation in the Niger Delta are oil spillage, gas flaring and improper disposal of wastes from oil drilling operations. Presently, it is estimated that there are over 5,000 massively polluted sites in the Niger Delta. Drawing data from secondary sources, this paper finds that despite the enormity of environmental pollution and its deleterious effects on the socio-economic wellbeing of the Niger Delta region, there is no implementable blueprint or policy for remediation. The paper links the economic cost of environmental pollution to the pervasive poverty and other socio-ecological crises that envelope the region in a smoke of underdevelopment. The paper therefore advocates a clear national remediation policy to sustainably deal with the degraded environment of the region.

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“…Today, about 606 oil fields (355 situated onshore and 251 offshore), 5,284 oil wells, and 7,000 km of oil and gas pipelines are operated by 13 multi-national companies in the region (Nwilo and Badejo 2006;Kadafa 2012). The region prides itself as the hub of oil exploration and production infrastructure in Nigeria (Eke, 2016), and currently produces on average 1.7 million barrels per day as of 2015 (OPEC, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This translates into a contribution of up to 35% of Nigeria's gross domestic product (GDP), and over 90% of its foreign exchange wealth (Akpabio and Akpan, 2010;OPEC, 2015). Despite the country's oil wealth, the majority of the population, including the oil producing communities in the Niger Delta, remain relatively poor (Eke, 2016). The common employment is agriculture, food production, and fisheries (NDDC, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites in Nigeria: Current challenges and future direction

2017

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Sites affected by petroleum hydrocarbons from oil exploitation activities have been identified as a major environmental and socioeconomic problem in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The current Nigerian regulatory instruments to manage these contaminated sites are fragmented and the roles and responsibilities of government agencies, such as the Department for Petroleum Resources (DPR), and the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA), are not well defined. This lack of coordination has led to ineffective land contamination policy and poor enforcement more generally. Appropriate, risk-based policy instruments are needed to improve regulatory capacity, and to enhance the regulator's ability to manage new and existing petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated sites. Lessons can be learned from countries like the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States America (USA) that have experience with the management and clean up of historically contaminated land. In this paper, we review the status of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites management in Nigeria and identify the gaps in existing policy and regulation. We review the contaminated land policies and regulation from the UK and the USA, and identify lessons that could be transferred to the Nigerian system. Finally, we provide a series of recommendations (e.g. source-pathway-receptor approach, soil screening criteria, clean-up funding, liability) that could enhance contaminated land legislation in Nigeria.

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Running to Fight Another Day: Commodification of Peace and the Resurgence of Violence in Post-amnesty Niger Delta

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Global Quest for Zero Routine Flaring: An Appraisal of Nigeria’s Legal and Regulatory Abatement Frameworks

Global Quest for Zero Routine Flaring: An Appraisal of Nigeria’s Legal and Regulatory Abatement Frameworks

Untitled

Management of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites in Nigeria: Current challenges and future direction

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