Running resistance - results and analysis of full-scale tests with passenger and freight trains in Sweden

Abstract

This paper presents experimental results of running resistance tests. Running resistance is determined for conventional passenger trains, freight trains, and the X2 high-speed train. The influence of variables such as speed, number of axles, number of coaches, axle load, track type, and train length is studied. The running resistance is expressed in a general form by a second degree polynomial. The three terms in the polynomial are functions of these variables. The magnitude of the first term is speed independent and varies with number of axles, axle load, and type of track. The second term varies with speed and train length. No influence of axle load is distinguished. The third term is related to the air drag and varies with the speed squared and train configuration. It can be divided into two parts. One part is constant and depends upon the front and rear of the train, and another part increases approximately linearly with train length.

On the optimal model configuration for aerodynamic modeling of open cargo railway train

“…The problem of reducing aerodynamic drag of rolling stock has been studied from the mid-20th century, with research efforts becoming especially strong in more recent years due to the rising costs of energy resources and government regulations of the acceptable noise levels and other environmental concerns. In particular, a significant amount of research has been dedicated to frontal drag reduction of the locomotives (Lindgreen and Sorenson, 2005;Lukaszewicz, 2007). However, frontal drag of the locomotive is but one of the components of the overall aerodynamic drag of a railway train, with other factors playing a far more significant role.…”

Simulation des temps de parcours du transport ferroviaire régional du bassin de vie stéphanois dans le cadre du projet Bahn.Ville

“…Dans la force de résistance, nous avons compté la force due à la gravité et la force de résistance à l'avancement. Cette dernière a été estimée par Lukaszewicz [18] :…”

Running Resistance and Energy Consumption of Ore Trains in Sweden

“…Experimental findings show that running resistance can be quantified according to references [2][3][4][5][6][7], with adequate accuracy as a function of speed by a seconddegree polynomial…”

“…The coefficients A, B, and C are in fact not constants as they vary with type of train, track, wheel-rail friction, and so on. Mechanical resistance is generally accepted [1][2][3][4], as covered by the terms A and Bv in equation (1). The term Cv 2 is considered to cover aerodynamic drag, except air momentum drag.…”