Running exercise protects oligodendrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic unpredictable stress rat model

Luo, Yang; Xiao, Qian; Wang, Jin; Jiang, Lin; Hu, Menglan; Jiang, Yanhong; Tang, Jing; Liang, Xin; Qi, Yingqiang; Dou, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Yi; Huang, Chunxia; Chen, Linmu; Tang, Yong

doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0662-8

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In the CUS/running group, the animals ran on a six-lane motorized treadmill for 20 min per day, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The running speed was gradually increased from 10 to 20 m/min during the first week and then maintained at 20 m/min for the next 5 weeks 42 – 44 . The control group and the CUS/standard group were housed under conditions are not subjected to running exercise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The positive effects of running exercise on hippocampal astrocytes in a rat model of depression

Luo

Tang

et al. 2021

Transl Psychiatry

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Running exercise has been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms, but the mechanism of its antidepressant effect is still unclear. Astrocytes are the predominant cell type in the brain and perform key functions vital to central nervous system (CNS) physiology. Mounting evidence suggests that changes in astrocyte number in the hippocampus are closely associated with depression. However, the effects of running exercise on astrocytes in the hippocampus of depression have not been investigated. Here, adult male rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 5 weeks followed by treadmill running for 6 weeks. The sucrose preference test (SPT) was used to assess anhedonia of rats. Then, immunohistochemistry and modern stereological methods were used to precisely quantify the total number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes in each hippocampal subregion, and immunofluorescence was used to quantify the density of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)+ and GFAP+ cells in each hippocampal subregion. We found that running exercise alleviated CUS-induced deficit in sucrose preference and hippocampal volume decline, and that CUS intervention significantly reduced the number of GFAP+ cells and the density of BrdU+/GFAP+ cells in the hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus (DG), while 6 weeks of running exercise reversed these decreases. These results further confirmed that running exercise alleviates depressive symptoms and protects hippocampal astrocytes in depressed rats. These findings suggested that the positive effects of running exercise on astrocytes and the generation of new astrocytes in the hippocampus might be important structural bases for the antidepressant effects of running exercise.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The positive effects of running exercise on hippocampal astrocytes in a rat model of depression

Luo

Tang

et al. 2021

Transl Psychiatry

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“…Graham et al (2019) found that exercise increased the oligodendrocytes in the white matter of a mouse model of obesity. Recently, our team found that running exercise significantly increased the number of CNPase-positive oligodendrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex of the chronic unpredictable stress rat model (Luo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Running Exercise Delays Age-Related Changes in White Matter in Rats

Chen

Chao

Lü

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Running exercise, one of the strategies to protect brain function, has positive effects on neurons and synapses in the cortex and hippocampus. However, white matter, as an important structure of the brain, is often overlooked, and the effects of long-term running exercise on white matter are unknown. Here, 14-month-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a middle-aged control group (18-month-old control group), an old control group (28-month-old control group), and a long-term runner group (28-monthold runner group). The rats in the runner group underwent a 14-month running exercise regime. Spatial learning ability was tested using the Morris water maze, and white matter volume, myelinated fiber parameters, total mature oligodendrocyte number, and white matter capillary parameters were investigated using stereological methods. The levels of growth factors related to nerve growth and vascular growth in peripheral blood and the level of neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A (Nogo-A) in white matter were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The present results indicated that longterm running exercise effectively delayed the age-related decline in spatial learning ability and the atrophy of white matter by protecting against age-related changes in myelinated fibers and oligodendrocytes in the white matter. Moreover, long-term running exercise prevented age-related changes in capillaries within white matter, which might be related to the protective effects of long-term exercise on aged white matter.

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“…It is thus possible that an increase in size or number of macro-glia cells would have a significant effect on the DW-MRI signal, thus contributing to the positive association here observed between physical lifestyle scores and WM extra-neurite fraction (by construction 1 minus intra-neurite density (NODDI f-intra), and specifically, the hindered space outside the neurites prescribed through anisotropic diffusion). Crucially, there exists key histological evidence from animal studies in support of an increase in astrocyte proliferation and in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels (Li et al 2005;Uda et al 2006) and in oligodendrocytes number (Luo et al 2019) in several areas of the rat brain. Together with this previous literature, the findings here reported may suggest a positive relationship between physically active lifestyle and macro-glia cell density across multiple WM tracts, perhaps reflecting a role in providing enhanced metabolic support for neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal imaging brain markers in early adolescence are linked with a physically active lifestyle

Salvan

Wassenaar

Wheatley

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle as means to improve youth development. However, relationships between physical lifestyle and brain development are not fully understood. Here, we asked whether a brain – physical latent mode of covariation underpins the relationship between physical activity, fitness, and physical health measures with multimodal neuroimaging markers. In 50 12-year old school pupils (26 females), we acquired multimodal whole-brain MRI, characterizing brain structure, microstructure, function, myelin content, and blood perfusion. We also acquired physical variables measuring objective fitness levels, 7-days physical activity, body-mass index, heart rate, and blood pressure. Using canonical correlation analysis we unravel a latent mode of brain – physical covariation, independent of demographics, school, or socioeconomic status. We show that MRI metrics with greater involvement in this mode also showed spatially extended patterns across the brain. Specifically, global patterns of greater grey matter perfusion, volume, cortical surface area, greater white matter extra-neurite density, and resting state networks activity, covaried positively with measures reflecting a physically active phenotype (high fit, low sedentary individuals). Showing that a physically active lifestyle is linked with systems-level brain MRI metrics, these results suggest widespread associations relating to several biological processes. These results support the notion of close brain-body relationships and underline the importance of investigating modifiable lifestyle factors not only for physical health but also for brain health early in adolescence.Significance statementAn active lifestyle is key for healthy development. In this work, we answer the following question: How do brain neuroimaging markers relate with young adolescents’ level of physical activity, fitness, and physical health? Combining advanced whole-brain multimodal MRI metrics with computational approaches, we show a robust relationship between physically active lifestyles and spatially extended, multimodal brain imaging derived phenotypes. Suggesting a wider effect on brain neuroimaging metrics than previously thought, this work underlies the importance of studying physical lifestyle, as well as other brain – body relationships in an effort to foster brain health at this crucial stage in development.

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Running exercise protects oligodendrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic unpredictable stress rat model

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

The positive effects of running exercise on hippocampal astrocytes in a rat model of depression

The positive effects of running exercise on hippocampal astrocytes in a rat model of depression

Long-Term Running Exercise Delays Age-Related Changes in White Matter in Rats

Multimodal imaging brain markers in early adolescence are linked with a physically active lifestyle

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