Runaway electron damage to the Tore Supra Phase III outboard pump limiter

Nygren, R.E.; Lutz, T.J.; Walsh, D.S.; Martín, G.; Chatelier, M.; Loarer, T.; Guilhem, D.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(97)80092-x

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…actively cooled parts. 7 The research for an effective suppression of the RE generation [8][9][10][11][12] is hampered by the lack of a complete understanding of the RE evolution during disruptions. X-ray measurements 13,14 indicate the loss of RE in disruptions in form of pulses shorter than a ms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spectral evolution of runaway electron bursts in TEXTOR disruptions

et al. 2012

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Novel observations of the burst-like runaway electron losses in tokamak disruptions are reported. The runaway bursts are temporally resolved and first-time measurements of the corresponding runaway energy spectra are presented. A characteristic shape and burst to burst changes of the spectra are found. The runaway energy content of the disruptions and the conversion of the predisruptive magnetic energy are estimated. The radial decay of the runaways can be approximated by an exponential distribution. Deriving from the measurements, resistive tearing modes or kink modes are suggested to trigger the formation of the bursts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spectral evolution of runaway electron bursts in TEXTOR disruptions

et al. 2012

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“…In addition, the termination of runaway electron orbits in configuration space can also modify the maximum energy, especially for those electrons originated from the edge region. Based on the experimental observations on the Tore Supra tokamak and relevant orbit calculation [21], it was suggested that runaway electrons can shift far away from magnetic surfaces within one transit period, and the orbit will open to intersect the conducting wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-space dynamics of runaway electrons in tokamaks

Guan¹,

Qin²,

Fisch³

2010

Physics of Plasmas

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The phase-space dynamics of runaway electrons is studied, including the influence of loop voltage, radiation damping, and collisions. A theoretical model and a numerical algorithm for the runaway dynamics in phase space are developed. Instead of standard integrators, such as the Runge-Kutta method, a variational symplectic integrator is applied to simulate the long-term dynamics of a runaway electron. The variational symplectic integrator is able to globally bound the numerical error for arbitrary number of time-steps, and thus accurately track the runaway trajectory in phase space. Simulation results show that the circulating orbits of runaway electrons drift outward toward the wall, which is consistent with experimental observations. The physics of the outward drift is analyzed. It is found that the outward drift is caused by the imbalance between the increase of mechanical angular momentum and the input of toroidal angular momentum due to the parallel acceleration. An analytical expression of the outward drift velocity is derived. The knowledge of trajectory of runaway electrons in configuration space sheds light on how the electrons hit the first wall, and thus provides clues for possible remedies.

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“…Recent researches indicate that tokamak, a magnetic confinement fusion energy device, may be the largest artificial positron factory in the world [4,5]. In large tokamaks like JET and JT-60U, above 10 14 positrons are generated in a post-disruption plasma by runaway electrons [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The dynamics of these positrons after birth in tokamaks is a noteworthy question that may yield valuable information about the runaway dynamics and disruption process in tokamaks.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Equations (17), (18), (20) and (21) determines the dynamics of runway positrons in phase space. Given the dynamics in the momentum space, the in-plasma annihilation probability of a runaway positron can be calculated according to…”

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confidence: 99%

What is the fate of runaway positrons in tokamaks?

et al. 2014

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Massive runaway positrons are generated by runaway electrons in tokamaks. The fate of these positrons encodes valuable information about the runaway dynamics. The phase space dynamics of a runaway position is investigated using a Lagrangian that incorporates the tokamak geometry, loop voltage, radiation and collisional effects. It is found numerically that runaway positrons will drift out of the plasma to annihilate on the first wall, with an in-plasma annihilation possibility less than 0.1%. The dynamics of runaway positrons provides signatures that can be observed as diagnostic tools.

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Runaway electron damage to the Tore Supra Phase III outboard pump limiter

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Temporal and spectral evolution of runaway electron bursts in TEXTOR disruptions

Temporal and spectral evolution of runaway electron bursts in TEXTOR disruptions

Phase-space dynamics of runaway electrons in tokamaks

What is the fate of runaway positrons in tokamaks?

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